Physiology Quiz: Renal System and Transport Mechanisms

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What is the effect of aldosterone on K+ secretion?

Variable effect on K+ secretion

No effect on K+ secretion

Increase K+ secretion (correct)

Decrease K+ secretion

What is the effect of thiazide diuretics on Ca2+ excretion?

Decrease Ca2+ excretion (correct)

Increase Ca2+ excretion

Variable effect on Ca2+ excretion

No effect on Ca2+ excretion

What is the effect of osmotic diuretics on PO42 secretion?

No effect on PO42 secretion

Increase PO42 secretion (correct)

Variable effect on PO42 secretion

Decrease PO42 secretion

What percentage of Na+ and Cl- is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

67% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PTH on Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal tubule?

Increase Ca2+ reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on urea reabsorption in the inner medullary collecting duct?

Increase urea reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

Reabsorption in thick ascending loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of urea in the filtrate compared to plasma?

Identical to plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the concentration gradient for urea between the collecting duct and the interstitium of the medulla?

Favoring secretion into the interstitium Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the filtered load of urea is excreted?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Where is ammonia primarily produced in the kidney?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Signup and view all the answers

How is ammonia secreted into the lumen of the PCT?

Through sodium hydrogen exchanger Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristics of the urea concentration in the interstitium of the medulla?

It increases from outer to inner medulla Signup and view all the answers

How much of the urinary ammonia is found in the glomerular filtrate?

A minimal amount Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of ADH into the blood?

An increase in plasma osmolality or a decrease in blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ADH binding to V2 receptors in collecting ducts?

Increased insertion of water channels to increase water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Where is ADH produced?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on urine?

More concentrated urine with higher specific gravity and lower volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the receptors bound by ADH in collecting ducts?

V2 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for ADH?

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of transporter found in the nephron?

Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the balance between the amount of fluid filtered by the glomerulus and the amount of fluid reabsorbed by the tubules?

Glomerulo-tubular balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the kidneys produce dilute or concentrated urine?

Concentration of urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transport of substances from the tubular lumen into the tubular cells?

Tubular reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transport of substances from the tubular cells into the tubular lumen?

Tubular secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of no water reabsorption in the DCT and Collecting Duct?

Increased urine output and decreased specific gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the response to decreased ECF volume and increased osmolality?

Stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aquaporins in the nephron?

To reabsorb water Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on the collecting duct wall?

It increases water permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased water loss and no water intake?

Decreased ECF volume and increased osmolality Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on urine output and specific gravity?

Decreased urine output and increased specific gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the response to increased ECF osmolality?