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Questions and Answers
Microglobulin and haptoglobulin are part of globulins a -2 in electrophoresis.
Microglobulin and haptoglobulin are part of globulins a -2 in electrophoresis.
False (B)
Indicate the false statement:
Indicate the false statement:
- The normal time interval between two successive heartbeats is 0.83s.
- The last part that depolarizes are the outer walls of the ventricles near the base of the heart.
- The records of extended limb derivations are similar to those of precordial derivations except that the aVR record is inverted. (correct)
- In bipolar III bypass the left arm is connected to the negative electrode and the left leg to the positive.
- Precordial shunts mainly record the electrical potential of the cardiac musculature that is immediately lowin theelectrode.
Please indicate the correct answer with respect to the Einthoven Act:
Please indicate the correct answer with respect to the Einthoven Act:
- Affirms that the third derivation can be known by the sum of the two potential two bipolar shunts, taking into account the signs of both. (correct)
- Claims that we can draw a triangle around the heart that illustrates both arms and the left leg and that, knowing two of these derivations, we cancalculate the third. (correct)
- Affirms that if the electrical potentials of two out of three bipolar derivations are known of the limbs, you get the third by multiplying the previous two.
- Affirms that it does not matter if we do not know the sign of the two electrical potentials of both derivations, since this law does not take them into account for the calculation of the third derivation.
- Answers b and d are correct
Indicate the correct answer regarding the ejection period:
Indicate the correct answer regarding the ejection period:
What would happen if there was no calcium in the extracellular fluid at some point?
What would happen if there was no calcium in the extracellular fluid at some point?
Choose the correct preload and postload response:
Choose the correct preload and postload response:
Indicates the correct response to PA in heart muscle:
Indicates the correct response to PA in heart muscle:
In the heart exist:
In the heart exist:
Where does calcium that prevents the contraction force of the heart muscle from shrinkingand reduced?
Where does calcium that prevents the contraction force of the heart muscle from shrinkingand reduced?
The heart is only made up of one type of heart muscle.
The heart is only made up of one type of heart muscle.
The onlyones capable of producing an action potential in the heart muscle are the fast sodium channels.
The onlyones capable of producing an action potential in the heart muscle are the fast sodium channels.
In a normal situation, the power of action travels retrogradely from the ventricles to the atria.
In a normal situation, the power of action travels retrogradely from the ventricles to the atria.
A pacemaker that is located in a location other than the sinus node is called an ectopic pacemaker.
A pacemaker that is located in a location other than the sinus node is called an ectopic pacemaker.
During depolarization the normal negative potential of the inside of a heart fiber is reversed and made slightly positive inside and negative on the outside.
During depolarization the normal negative potential of the inside of a heart fiber is reversed and made slightly positive inside and negative on the outside.
In precordial shunts, the electrode on the anterior surface of the chest is connected to the negative terminal of the EKG and the positive electrode (indifferent) is connected through electrical resistors equal to the right and left arm and left leg at the same time.
In precordial shunts, the electrode on the anterior surface of the chest is connected to the negative terminal of the EKG and the positive electrode (indifferent) is connected through electrical resistors equal to the right and left arm and left leg at the same time.
There are usually six standard chest derivations. The different registers are known as V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6 derivations from medial to lateral.
There are usually six standard chest derivations. The different registers are known as V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6 derivations from medial to lateral.
Both the P wave and the QRS complex are depolarization waves.
Both the P wave and the QRS complex are depolarization waves.
The P-wave is produced by potentials that are generated when the ventricles are depolarized
The P-wave is produced by potentials that are generated when the ventricles are depolarized
Theextended single-zone derivations two of the ends are connected by electrical resistors to the negative terminal of the EKG and the third is connected to the positive.
Theextended single-zone derivations two of the ends are connected by electrical resistors to the negative terminal of the EKG and the third is connected to the positive.
Which one's fake?
Which one's fake?
The overall blood flow is 5000 ml/min, an amount equal to cardiac output.
The overall blood flow is 5000 ml/min, an amount equal to cardiac output.
Blood flow passes through the vessel in a transverse and also longitudinal direction.
Blood flow passes through the vessel in a transverse and also longitudinal direction.
The turbulent flow is proportional to the viscosity of the blood.
The turbulent flow is proportional to the viscosity of the blood.
Turbulence occurs in small vessels.
Turbulence occurs in small vessels.
The higher the compliantcy of each vascular segment, the slower the speed
The higher the compliantcy of each vascular segment, the slower the speed
The compliantness of a systemic vein is much higher than that of its corresponding artery
The compliantness of a systemic vein is much higher than that of its corresponding artery
Increaseinterstitial fluid pressure:
Increaseinterstitial fluid pressure:
Each cardíaco cycle is initiated by spontaneous generation of an action potential in the sinus node, located in the upper part of the right atrium.
Each cardíaco cycle is initiated by spontaneous generation of an action potential in the sinus node, located in the upper part of the right atrium.
Which of the following statements is true about the left heart?
Which of the following statements is true about the left heart?
On the role of the electrocardiograph, point to the correct one:
On the role of the electrocardiograph, point to the correct one:
Point to the wrong one:
Point to the wrong one:
With regard to bipolar, enlarged and precordial derivations, point out the correct
With regard to bipolar, enlarged and precordial derivations, point out the correct
An atrial fibrillation ischaracterized by:
An atrial fibrillation ischaracterized by:
What is the derivation in which the QRS complex reaches higher height?
What is the derivation in which the QRS complex reaches higher height?
On the normal electrocardiogram, the"p" wave corresponds to:
On the normal electrocardiogram, the"p" wave corresponds to:
Flashcards
Haptoglobin
Haptoglobin
A protein found in plasma that helps transport and regulate iron.
Microglobulin
Microglobulin
A protein found in plasma that plays a role in immune system function.
Ventricular Depolarization
Ventricular Depolarization
The outermost wall of the ventricles near the base of the heart depolarizes last.
Precordial Shunts
Precordial Shunts
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Extended Limb Derivations
Extended Limb Derivations
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Cardiac Cycle Length
Cardiac Cycle Length
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Einthoven's Law
Einthoven's Law
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Ejection Period
Ejection Period
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Calcium in Heartbeat
Calcium in Heartbeat
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Preload
Preload
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Afterload
Afterload
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Plateau Phase
Plateau Phase
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Atrial Refractory Period
Atrial Refractory Period
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Heart Syncytium
Heart Syncytium
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Calcium in Heart Muscle Contraction
Calcium in Heart Muscle Contraction
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Heart Muscle Types
Heart Muscle Types
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Slow Calcium Channels
Slow Calcium Channels
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Action Potential Direction
Action Potential Direction
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Ectopic Pacemaker
Ectopic Pacemaker
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Heart Fiber Depolarization
Heart Fiber Depolarization
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Precordial Shunts Electrode
Precordial Shunts Electrode
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Chest Derivations
Chest Derivations
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Depolarization Waves
Depolarization Waves
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P Wave
P Wave
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Extended Single-Zone Derivations
Extended Single-Zone Derivations
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Blood Flow
Blood Flow
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Turbulent Flow and Viscosity
Turbulent Flow and Viscosity
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Turbulence in Blood Vessels
Turbulence in Blood Vessels
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Vascular Compliance
Vascular Compliance
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Vein vs. Artery Compliance
Vein vs. Artery Compliance
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Increased Interstitial Fluid Pressure
Increased Interstitial Fluid Pressure
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Cardiac Cycle Initiation
Cardiac Cycle Initiation
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QRS Complex
QRS Complex
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Electrocardiograph Measurements
Electrocardiograph Measurements
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P-Q Interval
P-Q Interval
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Study Notes
Physiology Questions - Study Notes
- True/False: Microglobulin and haptoglobulin are part of globulins a -2 in electrophoresis. FALSE. Microglobulin is in fraction B.
Test Questions - False Statement
- The last part of the ventricles to depolarize is near the heart base.
- Bipolar III: Left arm is negative, left leg is positive.
- Precordial shunts primarily measure electrical potential of cardiac musculature close to the electrode.
- Extended limb derivations resemble precordial derivations, except aVR is inverted.
- Normal heartbeat interval is 0.83 seconds. (FALSE)
Einthoven's Law
- If two bipolar limb leads are known, the third can be derived by multiplying the preceding two. (FALSE)
- Affirming the third derivation is obtained by summing the two potentials. (FALSE)
- The calculation of the third lead isn't dependent on the signs of the other two. (FALSE)
- A triangle illustrates arms and left leg leads, and enables calculation of the third.
Ejection Period
- Ejection occurs when left ventricular pressure falls below 80 mmHg and semilunar valves open.
- Ejection occurs when left ventricular pressure increases above 80 mmHg and mitral valve opens. (FALSE)
- Ejection has two parts: rapid (70%) and slow (30%). (FALSE)
Calcium in Extracellular Fluid
- If calcium is absent, the heart uses stored calcium but will eventually stop.
- Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum within muscle fibers. (FALSE)
Heart Muscle Preload/Afterload
- Preload equals telediastolic pressure when the heart is filled.
- Afterload equals pressure in the aorta artery as the heart ejects.
- Preload equals tele-diastolic pressure when the ventricles are filled. (TRUE)
Heart Muscle: PA (Pacemaker Action Potential)
- Calcium ion entry lengthens depolarization. (TRUE)
- During repolarization, calcium ions are present. (FALSE)
- Atrial muscle refractory period is shorter than ventricular.
- Cardiac pacemaker potential is initiated by intrinsic signal.
Cardiac Syncytium
- Atrial syncytium forms the atrial walls.
- Ventricular syncytium forms the ventricular walls.
- The AV partition is a syncytium that separates the atria and ventricles.
Calcium for Heart Contraction
- Calcium for contraction comes from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Calcium from T-tubules is critical for heart contraction strength and prevention of over-contraction (FALSE)
Heart Muscle Types/Action Potentials
- Heart has three types of muscle:atrial, ventricular, and specialized conducting fibers.
- Action potentials are produced by fast and slow calcium channels, not only fast sodium channels.
Heart's Rhythmic Activity/Pacemakers
- Sinus node is the heart's primary pacemaker. (TRUE)
- Ectopic pacemakers occur outside the sinus node. (TRUE)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Depolarization reverses normal negative potential inside the heart.
- Precordial leads use electrodes on the chest, referencing left arm, left leg.
- Extended leads, two limbs positive, one negative (FALSE)
- Einthoven's Law allows derivation of third lead from two known leads (TRUE)
- Atrial repolarization occurs between 0.15-0.2 seconds after P wave.
- QT interval is normally 0.35 seconds.
- QRS complex indicates ventricular depolarization.
- Isovolumetric contraction ends with AV valve closure.
P-Wave and Ventricular Depolarization
- The P wave reflects atrial depolarization.
- QRS complex time describes ventricular depolarization.
- ECG derivation II has higher QRS amplitude due to vector direction.
Blood Flow and Compliance
- Cardiac output (blood flow) is 5000 ml/min.
- Flow is not proportionally related to viscosity.
- Turbulence occurs in smaller vessels. (FALSE)
- Higher vascular compliance = slower speed, greater distensibility - greater volume.
- Veins have greater compliance than arteries.
Interstitial Fluid Pressure
- Increased interstitial pressure related to reduced plasma colloid pressure, decreased interstitial colloid osmotic pressure and increased capillary permeability.
Heart Cycle Initiation
- Heart cycle begins with spontaneous action potential in the sinoatrial node in the right atrium. (TRUE)
Left Heart Function
- Wave "a" of atrial pressure is produced by atrial filling.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key physiology concepts related to electrocardiography and cardiac physiology. This quiz includes true/false questions and critical statements about dipoles, depolarization, and Einthoven's Law. Challenge yourself with these essential topics in medical physiology.
