Possible Physiology Questions PDF

POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS: Lucky people of Moncada, who Merk imposes but we more, much encouragement of the compis of Castellón!!! True/False 1. Microglobulin and haptoglobulin are part of globulins α -2 in electrophoresis. FALSE: mi...

POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS: Lucky people of Moncada, who Merk imposes but we more, much encouragement of the compis of Castellón!!! True/False 1. Microglobulin and haptoglobulin are part of globulins α -2 in electrophoresis. FALSE: microglobulin is part of fraction B. Test. 1. Indicate the false statement: a. The last part that depolarizes are the outer walls of the ventricles near the base of the heart. b. In bipolar III bypass the left arm is connected to the negative electrode and the left leg to the positive. c. Precordial shunts mainly record the electrical potential of the cardiac musculature that is immediately lowin theelectrode. d. The records of extended limb derivations are similar to those of precordial derivations except that the aVR record is inverted. F e. The normal time interval between two successive heartbeats is 0.83s. 1.d. The records of extended limb derivations are similar to those of precordial derivations except that the aVR record is reversed. Bipolar 1. Please indicate the correct answer with respect to the Einthoven Act: a) Affirms that if the electrical potentials of two out of three bipolar derivations are known of the limbs, you get the third by multiplying the previous two. b) Affirms that the third derivation can be known by the sum of the two potential two bipolar shunts, taking into account the signs of both. c) Affirms that it does not matter if we do not know the sign of the two electrical potentials of both derivations, since this law does not take them into account for the calculation of the third derivation. d) Claims that we can draw a triangle around the heart that illustrates both arms and the left leg and that, knowing two of these derivations, we cancalculate the third. e) Answers b and d are correct 2. Indicate the correct answer regarding the ejection period:: a) Corresponds to when the left ventricular pressure decreases below 80 mmHg, and then the semi-lunar valves open. b) Corresponds to when the left ventricular pressure increases above 80 mmHg, and then the mitralvalveopens. c) There are two ejection periods: the rapid ejection period which is howmuch 70% of the blood leaves the ventricle and the slow ejection period which is when 30% remaining abandons him. d) 30% of blood leaves the ventricle in the first third of ejection and 70% remaining it does so in theremaining two areas, corresponding to the ejection period slow ejection period respectively. e) Answers b and c are correct. 3. What would happen if there was no calcium in the extracellular fluid at some point? a) The heart would continue to beat using calcium that may become accumulated from the last contraction, until it's over. b) The heart will stop beating immediately, as calcium is totally necessary to production of the cardiaca contraction. c) Lack of calcium does not affect the heartbeat, as the most important ion to be produce such contraction is sodium. d) Nothing would happen, as the necessary calcium is released by the sarcoplasmic reticle inside the muscle fiber itself obtaining calcium from intracellular fluid. e) Nothing would happen, since as the T-tubules are found in the interior of the fiber are not in contact with the calcium of the extracellular fluid and therefore get calcium in intracellular fluid. 4. Choose the correct preload and postload response: a) The preload is equivalent totelediastolic pressure when the atrium has been filled. b) The aftercharge of the ventricle is equivalent to the pressure of the aorta artery when it leaves the Ventricle. c) Preloading equals telediastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled d) Optionsa and b are correct e) Options b and c are correct 1. Indicates the correct response to PA in heart muscle: (p. 102-103 first paragraph) a. Only the opening of ca's fast channels and subsequent entry of these ions into the cardiac muscle fiber lengthen depolarization. b. During the repolarization phase ca ions are in. c. In atrial muscle the refractory period is shorter than in the ventricular d. the PA in the heart is initiated by the arrival of an external stimulus. e. They're all wrong. A: Both calcium and sodium ions flow into the heart muscle fiber and this maintains a prolonged period of depolarization B: inl to depolarization C:The refractory period of the atrial muscle is much shorter than that of the ventricles (approximately 0.15 s. for the atria, compared to 0.25 to 0.30 s. for the ventricles) D: produced by the openingof sodium fast-paced channels and slow calcium channels 2. in the heart exist: (p. 102 second paragraph) a. atrial syncytium b. sincitio ventricular c. AV partition syncytium d. a and b are true e. a, b and c are true 🡺 the heart is actually made up of two syncycites: the atrial syncitio, which forms the walls of the two atria and the ventricular syncytium, which forms walls of the two ventricles 3. Where does calcium that prevents the contraction force of the heart muscle from shrinkingand reduced? (p. 103: excitation-shrink coupling) a. From the sarcoplasmic reticle. b. Longitudinal sarcoplasmic tubulos. c. From the T tubulos. d. Calcium does not prevent the contraction force of the heart muscle from shrinking. e. The correcta answer is not among the above options. 🡺 Without calcium from TUBULOS T the strength of the contraction of the heart muscle will be reduced because the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the heart muscle is worse developed than that of the muscleand skeletal.  4. V/F 1. The heart is only made up of one type of heart muscle. V/F 🡺 False: there are three main types of heart muscle: atrial muscle, ventricular muscle and specialized muscle fibers of arousal and conduction 2. The onlyones capable of producing an action potential in the heart muscle are the fast sodium channels. V/F 🡺 False: in addition to rapid sodium channels there are slow calcium channels/calcium-sodium channels 5. In a normal situation,the power of action travels retrogradely from the ventricles to the atria. V/F 🡺 False: AV beam has special feature to make this impossible, except in abnormal states 6. A pacemaker that is located in a location other than the sinus node is called an ectopic pacemaker. V/F V True or false: During depolarization the normal negative potential of the inside of a heart fiber is reversed and made slightly positive inside and negative on the outside. V? In precordial shunts, the electrode on the anterior surface of the chest is connected to the negative terminal of the EKG and the positive electrode (indifferent) is connected through electrical resistors equal to the right and left arm and left leg at the same time. In precordial shunts, the electrode on the anterior surface of the chest is connected to the negative terminal of the EKG and the positive electrode (indifferent) is connected through electrical resistors equal to the right and left arm and left leg at the same time. FALSE In precordial shunts, the electrode on the anterior surface of the chest is connected to the positive terminal of the EKG negativo and the negative electrode (indifferent) is connected through electrical resistors equal to the right and left arm and left leg at the same time. There are usually six standard chest derivations. The different registers are known as V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6 derivations from medial to lateral. V? Both the P wave and the QRS complex are depolarization waves. V? The P-wave is produced by potentials that are generated when the ventricles are depolarized. F Theextended single-zone derivations two of the ends are connected by electrical resistors to the negative terminal of the EKG and the third is connected to the positive.. V Which one's fake? - Blood pressure regulation is independent of local blood flow control or heart expenditure control. V  - The overall blood flow is 5000 ml/min, an amount equal to cardiac output. Ⅴ - Blood flow passes through the vessel in a transverse and also longitudinal direction. V - The turbulent flow is proportional to the viscosity of the blood. FALSE ( is inversely proportional ) - Turbulence occurs in small vessels. F As for the compliancy, it points out the true: - The higher the compliantcy of each vascular segment, the slower the speed - Compliancia ≠ Distensibilidad - Compliantness - DIstensibility x Volume - The compliantness of a systemic vein is much higher than that of its corresponding artery - All True (ESTA) Increaseinterstitial fluid pressure: - Lifting hair pressure - Decreased plasma coloidosmotic pressure - The drop in interstitial coloidosmotic pressure - Increased capillary permeability - A, b and d ( ESTA) Each cardíaco cycle is initiated by spontaneous generation of an action potential in the sinus node, located in the upper part of the right atrium. V Which of the following statements is true about the left heart? A)Wave a of atriapressure l is produced by filling the atrium..  B)The QRS complex indicates the depolarization of the atria. C)After isovolumetric relaxation, the A-V valves are opened. D)At the end of the isovolumetric contraction, the A-V valves are closed. 1. On the role of the electrocardiograph, point to the correct one: A: The 0'2 s intervals are divided into 5 intervals, which measure 0'04 s. B: The 5 mm segments represent 0'02 s. C: Paper speed is 25 mm/s. D: A and C are correct. E: A, B, and C are correct. The 5 mm segments represent 0'2 s. 2. Point to the wrong one: A: The P-Q interval has a normal duration of 0'16 s. B: The atria are normally repolarized 0'25 to 0.35 s after the completion of wave P. C: The interval betweentwo QRS complexes has a normal duration of 0'83 s. D: The Q-T interval has a normal duration of 0'35 s. E: The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles. The atria are repolarized 0'15 to 0'2 s after the completion of wave P. 3. With regard to bipolar, enlarged and precordial derivations, point out the correct A: Bypass II, the positive terminal is connected to the left arm and negative terminal to the right arm. NO B: The values of the QRS complex records arebased on the precordial derivation taken. C: In extended single-zone shunts, two of the limbs are connected to the positive terminal of the electrocardiograph. NO D: Derivation III, has an approximate axis of +120o and the terminales are placed in the right hemibody. E: The law of Einthoven, allows us to obtain the value of a third bipolar derivation, subtracting the value of the two known. NO The values of the QRS complex records differ greatly according tothat of precordial rivation taken, since the V1 and V2 registers, the value will be negative because the electrode is located closer to the base of the heart and is in the direction of electronegability for most of the time of depolarization. The Registros in V4, V5 and V6 have more positive values because the electrodes are located closer to the tip of the heart and are in the direction of electropositivity during most depolarization. 4. An atrial fibrillation ischaracterized by: A: Elongation of P-Q space B: It's common in young people C: There is no P-wave D: There is T-wave reversal E: There's S-T's superleveling As a result of this pathology the disorganized depolarization of the atrium causes the P wave to be imperceptible or non-existent. 5. What is the derivation in which the QRS complex reaches higher height? A: Derivation I B: Derivation II C: Derivation III D: V2 E: V1 The shunt in which the QRS complex reaches higher height is derivation II, because the cardiac vector is mainly propagated in the same direction as derivation II. 6. On the normal electrocardiogram, the"p" wave corresponds to: A: With the contraction of the atria (IT IS DEPOLARIZATION) B: Moving away from the stimulus by the His Beam C: The stimulus reaches the interventricular septum. D: Reflection of complete ventricular contraction E: Ventricular systole The P-wave indicates the contraction of the atria