45 Questions
What type of receptor is a cholinergic receptor?
G protein coupled receptor
What is the effect of M1 muscarinic receptors on the heart?
Inhibitory
What is the effect of α1 receptors on smooth muscle?
Constriction
Where are α2 receptors predominantly found?
Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals
What is the effect of epinephrine on α and β receptors?
α = β
What is the effect of norepinephrine on α and β receptors?
α > β
What is the effect of M3 muscarinic receptors on visceral smooth muscle?
Constriction
What is the effect of β2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle?
Dilation
What is the effect of M4 muscarinic receptors on autonomic ganglia?
Inhibitory
What type of nerve fibers innervate eccrine sweat glands?
Sympathetic NS fibers
What is the primary function of sweat?
Thermoregulation
What is the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons in eccrine sweat glands?
Acetylcholine
What type of receptor is stimulated by acetylcholine in eccrine sweat glands?
Muscarinic receptor
What is the primary composition of sweat?
Water and sodium chloride
Where are eccrine sweat glands highly concentrated?
Palm of the hands and forehead
What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on eccrine sweat glands?
Increased sweat production
Which of the following is a characteristic of apocrine sweat glands?
Innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers
What is the subtype of adrenergic receptor involved in vasoconstriction in skin and splanchnic blood vessels?
α1
What type of sensory fibers are contained in the dynamic/phasic/group 1a stretch reflex?
Type 1a sensory fibers
What triggers the knee-jerk reflex?
Sudden rapid stretch of muscle fibers
What is the function of the dynamic response in muscle spindles?
To oppose sudden changes in muscle length
What type of fibers are responsible for sensing the rapid rate of change in spindle length?
Nuclear bag fibers
What is the main function of proprioceptors in somatic reflexes?
All of the above
What type of impulses respond to the degree of lengthening/stretching of muscle spindle?
Static impulses
What is the result of the transmission of impulses from 1O sensory endings?
Instantaneous, strong, jerky muscle contraction
What is the main difference between dynamic and static responses?
Dynamic responses respond to rapid rate of change, while static responses respond to degree of lengthening
What type of reflex involves special sensory receptors called proprioceptors?
Somatic reflex
What type of sweat glands are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system?
Apocrine sweat glands
What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on heart rate?
Increase in heart rate
What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on bronchus diameter?
Decrease in bronchus diameter
Which type of receptor is responsible for the sympathetic nervous system's effect on the heart?
Beta-adrenergic receptor
What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on gastrointestinal motility and tone?
Decrease in motility and tone
Which type of sweat glands are distributed in body parts with numerous hair follicles?
Apocrine sweat glands
What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on gastrointestinal secretion?
Increase in secretion
Which receptor is responsible for the parasympathetic nervous system's effect on the bronchus?
Muscarinic receptor
What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on gastrointestinal sphincter tone?
Increase in sphincter tone
Epinephrine administered during anaphylactic shock binds to which receptors to constrict arterioles and dilate airways, respectively?
⍺1 and β2
What is the main action of the Crossed Extensor Reflex?
Causes extension of the contralateral limb
What is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system compared to the sympathetic nervous system?
The postganglionic neurons bind to muscarinic receptors
What type of reflex is provided by the autonomic nervous system and involves glandular and non-skeletal responses?
Visceral reflex
What is true about the reverse myotatic reflex?
This reflex inhibits alpha motor neuron through inhibitory interneurons
Is the primary afferent ending providing fast transmission due to its myelination and numerous small fibers?
False
What happens when you turn a baby's head to the right?
It triggers a response on the left side of the body
What type of neurons are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Cholinergic neurons
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
Regulation of involuntary functions
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