Physiological Psychology: Homeostasis and Negative Feedback
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Questions and Answers

What is negative feedback in a physiological context?

  • A type of homeostasis that only occurs in the brain
  • A response to external stimuli that is always triggered
  • A process that reverses a physiological response once it exceeds the normal range (correct)
  • A mechanism that amplifies a physiological response

    • What is jet lag caused by?

  • The difference between internal and external circadian rhythms (correct)
  • The stress of traveling long distances
  • The change in time zones due to traveling
  • The lack of sleep during traveling

    • Why do people find it easier to adjust to crossing time zones going west?

  • Because they have a shorter flight
  • Because they awaken later in the morning
  • Because they sleep earlier at night
  • Because they stay awake later at night and then awaken late the next morning (correct)

    • What is the effect of prolonged elevations of cortisol on the brain?

    <p>It damages neurons in the hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of schedule do people who work on a night shift, such as midnight to 8 a.m., follow?

    <p>They sleep during the day and are awake at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of adjusting to a new schedule by going to sleep earlier and awakening earlier?

    <p>Phase advance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of CCK stimulating the vagus nerve?

    <p>Releasing a neurotransmitter that is a shorter version of the CCK molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an animal that eats a smaller than usual meal due to CCK?

    <p>It compensates by overeating at the next meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to insulin levels when the blood glucose level falls?

    <p>They drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen back to glucose?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of glucose entering cells?

    <p>Suppressed hunger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary signal for ending a meal?

    <p>Distension of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum?

    <p>Constricting the sphincter muscle between the stomach and duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine releases oleoylethanolamide (OEA)?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the stomach in regulating eating?

    <p>Conveying satiety messages to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the stomach hold its contents and fill more quickly than usual after eating?

    <p>Due to the constriction of the sphincter muscle between the stomach and duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of nicotine on appetite?

    <p>Decreases appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern regarding obesity and anorexia?

    <p>The failure of homeostatic or allostatic mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason why people with psychological distress may eat rich foods?

    <p>To temporarily cheer themselves up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with Prader-Willi syndrome?

    <p>They have higher levels of ghrelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Alternating between binges of overeating and periods of strict dieting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group mostly affected by bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Young people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a woman's fertility highest?

    <p>During the periovulatory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is necessary for milk production in humans?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences brain development and emotional expression recognition?

    <p>Sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces parental behavior in females of many mammalian species?

    <p>Prolonged exposure to young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases when a woman is pregnant?

    <p>Both estradiol and progesterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

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