30 Questions
What is negative feedback in a physiological context?
A process that reverses a physiological response once it exceeds the normal range
What is jet lag caused by?
The difference between internal and external circadian rhythms
Why do people find it easier to adjust to crossing time zones going west?
Because they stay awake later at night and then awaken late the next morning
What is the effect of prolonged elevations of cortisol on the brain?
It damages neurons in the hippocampus
What type of schedule do people who work on a night shift, such as midnight to 8 a.m., follow?
They sleep during the day and are awake at night
What is the term for the process of adjusting to a new schedule by going to sleep earlier and awakening earlier?
Phase advance
What is the result of CCK stimulating the vagus nerve?
Releasing a neurotransmitter that is a shorter version of the CCK molecule
What happens to an animal that eats a smaller than usual meal due to CCK?
It compensates by overeating at the next meal
What is the primary source of energy for the brain?
Glucose
What happens to insulin levels when the blood glucose level falls?
They drop
What stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen back to glucose?
Glucagon
What is the result of glucose entering cells?
Suppressed hunger
What is the primary signal for ending a meal?
Distension of the stomach
Which nerve conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls?
Vagus nerve
What is the main function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum?
Constricting the sphincter muscle between the stomach and duodenum
Which part of the small intestine releases oleoylethanolamide (OEA)?
Duodenum
What is the role of the stomach in regulating eating?
Conveying satiety messages to the brain
Why does the stomach hold its contents and fill more quickly than usual after eating?
Due to the constriction of the sphincter muscle between the stomach and duodenum
What is the effect of nicotine on appetite?
Decreases appetite
What is the major concern regarding obesity and anorexia?
The failure of homeostatic or allostatic mechanisms
What is a possible reason why people with psychological distress may eat rich foods?
To temporarily cheer themselves up
What is a characteristic of people with Prader-Willi syndrome?
They have higher levels of ghrelin
What is a common feature of bulimia nervosa?
Alternating between binges of overeating and periods of strict dieting
What is the age group mostly affected by bulimia nervosa?
Young people
What prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum?
Progesterone
When is a woman's fertility highest?
During the periovulatory period
What hormone is necessary for milk production in humans?
Prolactin
What influences brain development and emotional expression recognition?
Sex hormones
What induces parental behavior in females of many mammalian species?
Prolonged exposure to young
What increases when a woman is pregnant?
Both estradiol and progesterone levels
Test your knowledge of physiological psychology, focusing on homeostasis and negative feedback mechanisms in the human body. Understand how these processes regulate physiological responses and maintain a stable internal environment.
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