Physiological Changes of the Cardiovascular System with Aging
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the systolic pressure as a result of aging?

  • It remains relatively constant
  • It initially increases and then decreases
  • It decreases by 6.0-7.0 mmHg per decade
  • It rises by 6.0-7.0 mmHg per decade (correct)

    • What is the effect of aging on the cardiovascular response to exercise?

  • It declines progressively (correct)
  • It remains constant
  • It improves progressively
  • It initially declines and then improves

    • What is the effect of small decreases in venous filling on stroke volume and cardiac output in the elderly?

  • It has no effect
  • It has a profoundly negative effect (correct)
  • It has a minimal effect
  • It has a mildly negative effect

    • What is the effect of inhalation anesthetics on the negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers?

    <p>They exaggerate the effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of fluid overloads on the elderly compared to young subjects?

    <p>It is more likely to precipitate heart failure and pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aging on the pulse wave velocity in the aorta?

    <p>It doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aging on the impedance of the descending aorta?

    <p>It quadruples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of perioperative hypotension on the elderly compared to young subjects?

    <p>It is more frequent and severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the myocardial cells as the heart ages?

    <p>There is a linear loss of myocardial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which change is NOT associated with aging of the heart?

    <p>Reduction in systolic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect the heart's diastolic relaxation?

    <p>It delays diastolic relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response of the heart is diminished due to aging?

    <p>Contractility and rise in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical finding in older adults with aging hearts?

    <p>Heart murmurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which changes occur predominantly in the medial layer with aging in the vasculature?

    <p>Changes in elastin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to central elastic vessels as a result of aging?

    <p>They dilate and become more tortuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect vascular responsiveness to catecholamines?

    <p>It reduces responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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