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Questions and Answers
What happens to an object moving at constant speed in a straight line?
What happens to an object moving at constant speed in a straight line?
Inertia is independent of the mass of an object.
Inertia is independent of the mass of an object.
False
What is the relationship between mass and inertia?
What is the relationship between mass and inertia?
The greater the mass, the greater the inertia.
An object with a mass of ______ kg is how many times harder to accelerate than a 1 kg mass?
An object with a mass of ______ kg is how many times harder to accelerate than a 1 kg mass?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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When a car brakes suddenly, what happens to the passengers?
When a car brakes suddenly, what happens to the passengers?
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The acceleration of an object is always proportional to the force applied to it.
The acceleration of an object is always proportional to the force applied to it.
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What is the formula to calculate inertial mass?
What is the formula to calculate inertial mass?
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What is the purpose of the opaque interrupter card in this experiment?
What is the purpose of the opaque interrupter card in this experiment?
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Vehicle B is moving before the collision occurs.
Vehicle B is moving before the collision occurs.
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What is the initial velocity of vehicle B before the collision?
What is the initial velocity of vehicle B before the collision?
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The process of vehicles A and B moving together after the collision is known as a __________ collision.
The process of vehicles A and B moving together after the collision is known as a __________ collision.
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Which measurement is needed to calculate the velocity of vehicle A before the collision?
Which measurement is needed to calculate the velocity of vehicle A before the collision?
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Match the components with their descriptions:
Match the components with their descriptions:
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To find the velocity of vehicles A and B after the collision, the length of the __________ is divided by the time shown on timer 2.
To find the velocity of vehicles A and B after the collision, the length of the __________ is divided by the time shown on timer 2.
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What is the resultant forward force acting on the boat when two 400 N forces are applied symmetrically?
What is the resultant forward force acting on the boat when two 400 N forces are applied symmetrically?
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Forces acting on the stationary car result in a net force of zero.
Forces acting on the stationary car result in a net force of zero.
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What angle do the resultant forces of the boat make with the original force?
What angle do the resultant forces of the boat make with the original force?
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The perpendicular component of the force on the car, denoted as R, is equal to ______ N.
The perpendicular component of the force on the car, denoted as R, is equal to ______ N.
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Match the forces with their respective values:
Match the forces with their respective values:
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What is the relationship between the forces acting on the car parallel to the slope?
What is the relationship between the forces acting on the car parallel to the slope?
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The drag force on the boat is greater than the resultant forward force.
The drag force on the boat is greater than the resultant forward force.
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How much force does each string exert when applying upward force to the boat?
How much force does each string exert when applying upward force to the boat?
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According to Newton's 1st Law, an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an _______ force.
According to Newton's 1st Law, an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an _______ force.
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What is the value of the component X when calculating the resultant force on the boat?
What is the value of the component X when calculating the resultant force on the boat?
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What happens to the ball bearing as it reaches terminal velocity?
What happens to the ball bearing as it reaches terminal velocity?
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A skydiver experiences constant acceleration throughout their fall until they reach the ground.
A skydiver experiences constant acceleration throughout their fall until they reach the ground.
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What is the term used to describe the constant final velocity achieved when the forces are balanced?
What is the term used to describe the constant final velocity achieved when the forces are balanced?
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The resultant force acting on a ball bearing when it reaches terminal velocity is _____ N.
The resultant force acting on a ball bearing when it reaches terminal velocity is _____ N.
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Match the following phases of a skydiver's fall with their descriptions:
Match the following phases of a skydiver's fall with their descriptions:
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During free fall, what primarily causes a skydiver to slow down?
During free fall, what primarily causes a skydiver to slow down?
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The weight of the skydiver remains constant throughout their fall.
The weight of the skydiver remains constant throughout their fall.
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What happens to the acceleration of the skydiver as their speed increases?
What happens to the acceleration of the skydiver as their speed increases?
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When the drag becomes equal to the weight of the ball bearing, the resultant force is _____.
When the drag becomes equal to the weight of the ball bearing, the resultant force is _____.
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What is the effect of drag on the motion of the ball bearing as it falls?
What is the effect of drag on the motion of the ball bearing as it falls?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between thrust and drag force as the speed of the car increases?
Which statement best describes the relationship between thrust and drag force as the speed of the car increases?
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Once the drag force equals the thrust force, the car continues to accelerate.
Once the drag force equals the thrust force, the car continues to accelerate.
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What is the term used to describe the maximum velocity attained by a car when drag force balances thrust force?
What is the term used to describe the maximum velocity attained by a car when drag force balances thrust force?
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Pressure is defined as the force acting normally per unit _____
Pressure is defined as the force acting normally per unit _____
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What happens to the forward resultant force as the car continues to accelerate?
What happens to the forward resultant force as the car continues to accelerate?
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The forward resultant force can only become zero when the car is at rest.
The forward resultant force can only become zero when the car is at rest.
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What occurs to the car's acceleration when the drag force increases?
What occurs to the car's acceleration when the drag force increases?
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The _____ force must be larger than the drag force for the car to accelerate.
The _____ force must be larger than the drag force for the car to accelerate.
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What happens to the car’s velocity when the drag force continues to increase?
What happens to the car’s velocity when the drag force continues to increase?
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Study Notes
Newton's Laws of Motion
- A force is a push or pull exerted by one object on another.
- Forces can be broadly classified as either contact forces or action-at-a-distance forces.
- Contact forces occur when objects are in direct contact.
- Examples of contact forces include frictional forces and tension.
- Action-at-a-distance forces include gravitational, magnetic, and electric forces.
- All forces in nature can be classified into three fundamental types: gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces.
- Nuclear forces are experienced only by sub-atomic particles.
- Free-body diagrams show all the forces acting on an object.
Newton's First Law
- A body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line if no external resultant force acts on it.
- This is also known as the law of inertia.
- Inertia is an object's resistance to change its state of motion.
- Inertia depends on mass.
- The greater the mass, the greater the inertia.
- The greater the inertia, the greater the force needed to change the natural state of motion.
Newton's Second Law
- The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force applied and it takes place in the direction of the force.
- In simpler terms, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
- F=ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
- This law can be expressed in terms of the rate of change of momentum: F = Δp/Δt (Force = change in momentum / change in time)
Time of Impact and Impulse
- Time of impact is the time a force is applied during a collision or an impact.
- Impulse is the product of the resultant force and the time duration of the force.
- Impulse = Force × time.
- If the time of impact is increased, the force of impact is reduced.
- The opposite is also true.
Common Forces
- Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object.
- It is given by the formula: W=mg, where W is the weight, m is the mass and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
- Frictional Force is the resistance that results when one object moves over another surface and is always opposite to the direction of motion.
- Normal reaction is the force that a surface exerts on an object which is perpendicular to the surface.
Drags and Terminal Velocity
- Drag is the resistance an object experiences when moving through a fluid (liquid or gas).
- Drag depends on the viscosity and area of the object and the velocity of the object moving through the fluid.
- The higher the density, the larger the drag.
- The faster the velocity, the larger the drag.
- The greater the surface area, the greater the drag force.
- Terminal velocity is the constant velocity that an object in free fall will eventually reach.
- The drag force is equal and opposite to the weight at terminal velocity
Pressure
- Pressure is force acting per unit area.
- Pressure is inversely proportional to the area.
- Pressure in a liquid depends only on the depth and density of the liquid.
- The pressure at the same depth in a liquid acts equally in all directions.
Newton's Third Law
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- The action and reaction forces act on different objects, they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
- Examples include a person stepping from a rowing boat, a runner moving and a rocket engine
Linear Momentum
- Momentum is a measure of mass in motion.
- Momentum = mass x velocity (p = mv)
- The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a system of objects remains the same if no external forces act on the system.
- Example: collisions between objects
- Elastic and inelastic collisions are examples of the conservation of momentum
Types of Collisions
- Elastic Collisions: Kinetic energy is conserved during a collision. No loss of kinetic energy during the collision.
- Inelastic Collisions: Some kinetic energy is lost during a collision, and the objects stick together or deform.
- Super-elastic collisions: Kinetic energy after the collision is greater. The most common form of energy transformation in super-elastic collisions is chemical energy changing into kinetic energy.
Solving Newton's Laws of motion
- Draw free-body diagrams
- Resolve forces in two perpendicular directions (horizontal and vertical)
- Use the equations of motion appropriately.
Problem-Solving Strategies
- State the given information.
- Draw free-body diagrams.
- Identify the forces acting on the object.
- Resolve forces into components.
- Calculate the resultant force.
- Apply relevant equations
- Make sure forces are in the correct direction
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Description
Explore key concepts related to inertia, mass, and motion in this quiz. You'll answer questions about the relationship between mass and inertia, the effects of braking on passengers, and the calculations involved in determining velocity after a collision. Test your understanding of fundamental physics principles!
