Physics: Inertia and Motion

Study Notes

Definition: Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.
Law of Inertia: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Types of Inertia:
1. Translational Inertia: resistance to changes in linear motion.
2. Rotational Inertia: resistance to changes in rotational motion.
3. Moment of Inertia: a measure of an object's resistance to rotational motion.

Definition: Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
Types of Friction:
1. Static Friction: friction that prevents an object from moving.
2. Kinetic Friction: friction that opposes an object's motion.
3. Rolling Friction: friction that occurs when an object rolls on a surface.
4. Fluid Friction: friction that occurs when an object moves through a fluid (e.g., air, water).
Factors Affecting Friction:
1. Surface Roughness: rougher surfaces increase friction.
2. Normal Force: increased normal force (force perpendicular to the surface) increases friction.
3. Surface Area: increased surface area in contact increases friction.

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia):
- An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law (F=ma):
- Force (F) is equal to the mass (m) of an object multiplied by its acceleration (a).
- F = ma
Newton's Third Law:
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- When object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.
Objects at rest will remain at rest, and objects in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Inertia can be classified into three types: translational, rotational, and moment of inertia.

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
There are four types of friction: static, kinetic, rolling, and fluid friction.
Surface roughness, normal force, and surface area are factors that affect friction.
Increased surface roughness, normal force, and surface area in contact all increase friction.

Newton's First Law is also known as the Law of Inertia.
An object's motion will only change if an external force is applied.
Newton's Second Law is expressed by the equation F = ma, where force (F) is equal to the mass (m) of an object multiplied by its acceleration (a).
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, as stated by Newton's Third Law.
When object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.