PHRD 504 - Male Reproductive System Anatomy Summary
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

  • To contract and move fluid and sperm through the tubules
  • To produce growth factors for the germ cells
  • To act as phagocytes and remove germ cell debris
  • To provide nutrients and regulate spermatogenesis (correct)

    • What is the typical ratio of Sertoli cells to germ cells in the human testis?

  • 1 to 11 (correct)
  • 1 to 50
  • 1 to 20
  • 1 to 5

    • Which cell type is responsible for the contraction of the seminiferous tubules to move fluid and sperm?

  • Sertoli cells
  • Macrophages
  • Peritubular myoid cells (correct)
  • Germ cells

    • What is the approximate duration of the complete spermatogenesis process in humans?

    <p>64 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of retinoic acid (RA) in spermatogenesis?

    <p>RA drives the differentiation of spermatogonia and their entry into meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>To support and maintain the pool of spermatogonial stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism by which Sildenafil (Viagra) causes erection?

    <p>Inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5, leading to increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of priapism in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients?

    <p>Occlusion of microcapillaries in the corpus cavernosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acrosome reaction in the fertilization process?

    <p>To allow the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time period during which an oocyte can be fertilized after ovulation?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of the capacitation process in sperm?

    <p>Increased production of nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time period during which ejaculated sperm can remain viable in the female reproductive tract?

    <p>6 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To maintain a lower temperature for the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for increasing the wrinkles of the scrotum to help cool the testes?

    <p>Dartos muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pelvic floor muscles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>They support the organs in the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the bulbospongiosus muscle in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Controlling ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Storing sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum in the penis?

    <p>Facilitating the flow of blood during erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Store and transport sperm to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the testis is responsible for the production of testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH)?

    <p>Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where there are less than 20 million sperm per milliliter in the ejaculate?

    <p>Oligospermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for producing approximately 25% of the seminal fluid that nourishes and protects sperm?

    <p>Prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Leydig cells in the testis?

    <p>Produce testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme converts testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the testis?

    <p><em>6</em> reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of testosterone and FSH in the context of spermatogenesis?

    <p>To optimize various steps like survival, meiosis, and spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most of the serum testosterone bind to in the body?

    <p>Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classical mechanism of action for testosterone and DHT within cells?

    <p>Binding to androgen receptor, dimerization, and nucleus translocation for gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells does testosterone primarily regulate in the testis?

    <p>Mature Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides reproduction, what other function do androgens play a role in?

    <p>Cardioprotective effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main significance of intratesticular testosterone compared to serum testosterone?

    <p>It is mostly free in its unbound form</p> Signup and view all the answers

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