PHRD 504: Pulmonary Mechanics - Respiratory Physiology Quiz

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the lungs?

To regulate blood pressure in the lungs
To transport immune cells to the lungs
To remove fluid from the lungs (correct)
To deliver oxygen to the lungs

What is the main reason the lungs are directly exposed to the environment?

To allow for the deposition of particles
To protect the lungs from harmful substances
To facilitate gas exchange (correct)
To regulate pulmonary blood flow

How does the deposition of particles in the lungs depend on particle size?

Larger particles deposit in the upper airway, medium particles in the middle airways, and smaller particles in the alveoli (correct)
Larger particles deposit in the alveoli, medium particles in the middle airways, and smaller particles in the upper airway
Larger particles deposit in the alveoli, medium particles in the upper airway, and smaller particles in the middle airways
Larger particles deposit in the middle airways, medium particles in the upper airway, and smaller particles in the alveoli

What is the primary factor that determines blood flow in Zone 2 of the lungs?

The difference between arterial and alveolar pressures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines blood flow in Zone 3 of the lungs?

The difference between arterial and venous pressures (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the distribution of ventilation and perfusion differ in the lungs?

Ventilation and perfusion are both greater in the base than in the apex (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between compliance and lung volume/pressure?

Compliance is directly proportional to the change in volume divided by the change in pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to decreased pulmonary compliance?

Increased lung elastance (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Laplace's law, which of the following statements is true?

Smaller alveoli require more pressure to remain open than larger alveoli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Decreases surface tension to stabilize small alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pulmonary interdependence?

It allows adjacent alveoli to stabilize each other and remain open (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does airway resistance relate to the inspiratory and expiratory phases?

Airway resistance is lower during inspiration than expiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure affect pulmonary compliance?

Decreases it (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where do pulmonary lymphatics drain through to clear fluid from the interstitial space?

Hilum (D) Signup and view all the answers

In right heart failure, what happens to thoracic duct flow?

Decreases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of left heart failure on capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Increases it (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do larger inhaled particles (>10 μm) behave in the airways?

They are completely blocked in the upper airway (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to middle-sized inhaled particles (2-10 μm) in large airways?

They deposit due to turbulent flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the distribution of ventilation in the lungs?

The pleural pressure gradient, with lower pressures at the base, contributes to greater ventilation at the base. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the distribution of ventilation in the lungs?

Differences in pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the three zones of perfusion, which of the following statements is true for Zone 1?

There is no bloodflow in this zone. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the distribution of perfusion in the lungs?

Perfusion is determined by the relationship between alveolar pressure (PA), pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa), and pulmonary venous pressure (Pv). (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Zone 2 of the three zones of perfusion, which of the following statements is true?

Bloodflow is determined by the difference between pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) and alveolar pressure (PA). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of lung disease on the distribution of ventilation?

Pathologic changes in airway resistance (Raw) and compliance (CL) have a greater effect on the distribution of ventilation than gravity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that limits maximal expiratory flow despite increased effort?

Decreased elastic recoil (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lung disease is defined by decreased lung volume?

Restrictive Lung Disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to airway obstruction?

Extrinsic chest wall restriction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which lung volume represents the equilibrium between inward lung recoil and outward chest wall recoil?

Functional residual capacity (FRC) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition would cause a decreased total lung capacity (TLC)?

Restrictive lung disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what point does airway closure occur during the respiratory cycle?

When pressure outside the airway exceeds pressure inside the airway (D) Signup and view all the answers