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Questions and Answers
During cyclic photophosphorylation, which of the following is involved in the generation of ATP?
During cyclic photophosphorylation, which of the following is involved in the generation of ATP?
Which enzyme is responsible for the carboxylation of Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) in the Calvin Cycle?
Which enzyme is responsible for the carboxylation of Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) in the Calvin Cycle?
Which type of plant utilizes the C4 pathway for photosynthesis?
Which type of plant utilizes the C4 pathway for photosynthesis?
Which process involves the movement of electrons in a linear path from H2O to NADP+?
Which process involves the movement of electrons in a linear path from H2O to NADP+?
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What is the source of electrons in noncyclic photophosphorylation?
What is the source of electrons in noncyclic photophosphorylation?
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Which pathway is a photosynthetic adaptation to periodic water supply and involves the closure of stomata during the day?
Which pathway is a photosynthetic adaptation to periodic water supply and involves the closure of stomata during the day?
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What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?
What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?
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Which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur in?
Which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur in?
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What is the primary function of cyclic photophosphorylation?
What is the primary function of cyclic photophosphorylation?
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What is the function of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts?
What is the function of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts?
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What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of the stroma in chloroplasts?
What is the main function of the stroma in chloroplasts?
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What is the role of carotenoids in photosynthesis?
What is the role of carotenoids in photosynthesis?
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What is the source of O2 molecules released during photosynthesis?
What is the source of O2 molecules released during photosynthesis?
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What type of light does chlorophyll mainly absorb for photosynthesis?
What type of light does chlorophyll mainly absorb for photosynthesis?
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Where does the conversion of sunlight into ATP and NADPH occur in photosynthesis?
Where does the conversion of sunlight into ATP and NADPH occur in photosynthesis?
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What is the primary function of chloroplasts in the process of photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in the process of photosynthesis?
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Which atom has much less affinity for its electrons and is easier to oxidize in the context of photosynthesis?
Which atom has much less affinity for its electrons and is easier to oxidize in the context of photosynthesis?
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What is the structure of the outer membrane of chloroplasts primarily permeable to?
What is the structure of the outer membrane of chloroplasts primarily permeable to?
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What did cyanobacteria use as a light electron source in the early stages of photosynthesis?
What did cyanobacteria use as a light electron source in the early stages of photosynthesis?
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What is the primary role of chemoautotrophs in obtaining nutrients?
What is the primary role of chemoautotrophs in obtaining nutrients?
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What is the main product of the process of photosynthesis?
What is the main product of the process of photosynthesis?
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Where are chloroplasts predominantly located within plants?
Where are chloroplasts predominantly located within plants?
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What is the primary function of Photosystem II (PSII) in photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of Photosystem II (PSII) in photosynthesis?
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What carries electrons from Photosystem II (PSII) to Photosystem I (PSI) in the photosynthetic electron flow?
What carries electrons from Photosystem II (PSII) to Photosystem I (PSI) in the photosynthetic electron flow?
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What is the primary function of Light-Harvesting Complex I (LHCI) in Photosystem I (PSI)?
What is the primary function of Light-Harvesting Complex I (LHCI) in Photosystem I (PSI)?
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What is the final electron acceptor in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
What is the final electron acceptor in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
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What is the term for the process of water splitting during photosynthesis?
What is the term for the process of water splitting during photosynthesis?
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What is the primary requirement for ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?
What is the primary requirement for ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?
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What is the primary target of herbicides that inhibit the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the primary target of herbicides that inhibit the light reactions of photosynthesis?
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Where does Photosystem II (PSII) boost electrons from?
Where does Photosystem II (PSII) boost electrons from?
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What is the flow of electrons from H2O to NADP+ known as?
What is the flow of electrons from H2O to NADP+ known as?
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What is the complex of over 20 polypeptides that catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water?
What is the complex of over 20 polypeptides that catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water?
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Where does Photosystem I (PSI) boost electrons to?
Where does Photosystem I (PSI) boost electrons to?
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What carries electrons to PSI and transfers them to NADP+ via Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase?
What carries electrons to PSI and transfers them to NADP+ via Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase?
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What is the name of the complex of protein-bound pigments in Photosystem I (PSI)?
What is the name of the complex of protein-bound pigments in Photosystem I (PSI)?
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What is the name of the process that requires the loss of four electrons from two water molecules to produce one molecule of oxygen?
What is the name of the process that requires the loss of four electrons from two water molecules to produce one molecule of oxygen?
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Study Notes
Photosynthetic Electron Flow and Reactivity Summary
- Photosystem II (PSII) boosts electrons from water to a midpoint energy level
- Photosystem I (PSI) boosts electrons to a level above NADP+
- Flow of electrons from H2O to NADP+ is the Z scheme
- Photosystem II and Photosystem I operate in three steps: water to PSII, PSII to PSI, PSI to NADP+
- Photosystem II is a complex of over 20 polypeptides, catalyzing light-driven oxidation of water
- Photosystem II starts with light absorption by antenna pigments, generating Pheo- and transferring electrons to plastoquinone
- Reduced plastoquinol (PQH2) diffuses from thylakoid membranes to cytochrome b6f, passing electrons to plastocyanin, which carries them to PSI
- Photosystem I (PSI) is composed of polypeptide units and a complex of protein-bound pigments called Light-Harvesting Complex I (LHCI)
- Light absorbed by LHCI is passed to LHCI reaction center pigment (P700*), producing P700- and A0-
- Plastocyanin carries electrons to PSI and transfers them to NADP+ via Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase
- Photolysis of water during photosynthesis is called photolysis, requiring the loss of four electrons from two water molecules to produce one molecule of oxygen
- ATP synthesis in a chloroplast requires four protons for each molecule of ATP, and herbicides target the light reactions, inhibiting electron transport from PSII and producing oxygen radicals
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