2CB3: Chapter 6 - Part 1
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Questions and Answers

Which photosystem generates a strong oxidizing agent?

  • Photosystem I
  • ATP synthase
  • Photosystem II (correct)
  • Cytochrome b6f complex

    • Which photosystem is capable of producing a strong reducing agent?

  • ATP synthase
  • Photosystem I (correct)
  • Photosystem II
  • Cytochrome b6f complex

    • Which photosystem is capable of producing oxygen from water?

  • ATP synthase
  • Cytochrome b6f complex
  • Photosystem I
  • Photosystem II (correct)

    • Which photosystem is capable of producing NADPH from NADP+?

    <p>Photosystem I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the light-dependent reactions, where do protons move into during ATP synthesis?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core protein targeted by common herbicides?

    <p>PSII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some herbicides produce, which is toxic to human tissue?

    <p>Oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the machinery for ATP synthesis in a chloroplast similar to?

    <p>Mitochondrial enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are required for the synthesis of each molecule of ATP in the light-dependent reaction?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy source for chemoautotrophs?

    <p>Inorganic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product produced by cyanobacteria during photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule has a lower affinity for its electrons and is easier to oxidize?

    <p>Sulfur in H2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

    <p>Convert sunlight into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photoautotrophs in the production of organic compounds?

    <p>Use radiant energy to make organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the evolution of photosynthesis, what did cyanobacteria use as an electron source?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of nutrition for heterotrophs?

    <p>Nutrients from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chloroplasts predominantly found?

    <p>Mesophyll cells of leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal pigment involved in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of carotenoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>Absorb light in the blue-green region of the spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the oxygen released during photosynthesis?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure within the chloroplast where chlorophyll molecules and protein complexes for energy transduction are located?

    <p>Thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Absorb specific wavelengths of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of chloroplasts within a plant cell?

    <p>Mesophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of photosystem II (PSII) in photosynthesis?

    <p>Boosts electrons from below the energy level of water to a midpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plastocyanin (PC) in photosynthesis?

    <p>Transfers electrons from cytochrome b6f complex to PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Z scheme in photosynthesis?

    <p>Describes the flow of electrons from H2O to NADP+ in three steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plastoquinol (PQH2) in photosynthesis?

    <p>Accepts two electrons from PSII and two protons from the stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the antenna pigments in photosynthesis?

    <p>Absorb light, generating negatively charged free radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants need mobile electron carriers in photosynthesis?

    <p>Because the two photosystems are not in close proximity to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when water is split into protons and molecular oxygen during photosynthesis?

    <p>Photolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthetic Metabolism Overview

    • Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
    • Each photosynthetic unit contains several hundred chlorophyll molecules, including a reaction-center chlorophyll and antenna pigments.
    • Two large pigment-protein complexes called photosystems (PSII and PSI) act in series to raise electrons from H2O to NADP+.
    • The flow of electrons from H2O to NADP+ is referred to as the Z scheme and occurs in three steps.
    • The flow of electrons from water to PSII involves the splitting of water into protons and molecular oxygen.
    • Photosystem II (PSII) boosts electrons from below the energy level of water to a midpoint, while Photosystem I (PSI) boosts electrons to a level above NADP+.
    • The flow of electrons from PSII to PSI involves the absorption of light by antenna pigments, generating negatively charged free radicals.
    • The flow of electrons from PSI to NADP+ (NADPH production) involves the absorption of light by the antenna pigments of LHCI and the subsequent reduction of NADP+.
    • Plastoquinone (PQH2) and plastocyanin (PC) are the mobile electron carriers in plants.
    • Plants need mobile electron carriers because the two photosystems are not in close proximity to each other.
    • Plastoquinol (PQH2) accepts two electrons from PSII and two protons from the stroma and is soluble in the lipid bilayer, while plastocyanin (PC) is a copper-containing blue protein that transfers electrons from cytochrome b6f complex to PSI.
    • The splitting of water during photosynthesis is called photolysis and requires the simultaneous loss of four electrons from two molecules of water.

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