Biochemistry LE 3: Complex Lipids
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the lungs in the absence of surfactant due to prematurity?

  • They become harder and more rigid
  • They expand and take in air easily
  • They collapse and cannot take in air (correct)
  • They start to produce surfactant instead

    • What is the result of poor oxygenation in babies with collapsed lungs?

  • Hyperventilation and dyspnea
  • Tachypnea and cyanosis (correct)
  • Apnea and pallor
  • Bradypnea and cyanosis

    • What is the major mechanism for the interconversion of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine?

  • Hydrolysis
  • Decarboxylation
  • Base exchange reaction (correct)
  • Phosphorylation

    • What is the enzyme responsible for converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylserine through base exchange?

    <p>Phosphatidylethanolamine: serine transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which phosphatidylserine is converted back to phosphatidylethanolamine?

    <p>Decarboxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the minor pathway of interconversion between phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine occur?

    <p>Liver mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to serine levels when blood clot formation is triggered?

    <p>Serine levels decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when ethanolamine of phosphatidylethanolamine undergoes base exchange with serine?

    <p>Phosphatidylserine is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydroxyl group in the phosphatidate molecule?

    <p>To esterify to a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest phosphoglyceride, present in only small amounts in biological membranes?

    <p>Phosphatidate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of phospholipid is primarily found in the mitochondria of active tissues?

    <p>Cardiolipin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bond formed between the phosphate group and the hydroxyl group of a base?

    <p>Phosphodiester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecule labeled as 'X' in Figure #3?

    <p>Nitrogenous polar or hydrophilic group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecule formed when a phosphate group is attached to a glycerol backbone and two fatty acid molecules?

    <p>1,2-diacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the fatty acid molecule labeled as 'R2'?

    <p>Unsaturated fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phosphate group in phospholipids?

    <p>To form a hydrophilic head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Gaq protein in the mechanism of action of prostaglandin and thromboxane?

    <p>It stimulates the influx of Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action of phospholipase C beta on PIP2?

    <p>It cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of DAG on protein kinase C?

    <p>It stimulates protein kinase C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of double bonds in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the double bonds in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)?

    <p>C4, C7, C10, C13, C16, and C19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) considered good?

    <p>It promotes the synthesis of more TXA3 than TXA2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ω-series of the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)?

    <p>ω-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nomenclature for the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)?

    <p>Docosahexaenoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aspirin in the body?

    <p>To inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of aspirin's inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis?

    <p>Decreased platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of aspirin's inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis?

    <p>By acetylating a specific serine residue of prostaglandin H2 synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are patients who will undergo surgery taken off aspirin for several days prior to the surgery?

    <p>To prevent bleeding complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low doses of aspirin on myocardial infarction?

    <p>It decreases the risk of myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of prostaglandins?

    <p>They contain multiple functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of PGH2 conversion to PGE2?

    <p>Pain and inflammation are alleviated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of PGH2 to PGE2?

    <p>Isomerase (PGE synthase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Niemann-Pick cells?

    <p>Foamy cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme whose decreased activity is responsible for Niemann-Pick disease?

    <p>Sphingomyelinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cause of death in the 11-month-old infant?

    <p>Repeated infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sphingomyelinase deficiency?

    <p>Glycosphingolipid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major sulfolipid of the brain?

    <p>Sulfatide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of sulfatide?

    <p>Ceramide + Gal + Sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most complex glycosphingolipid?

    <p>Ganglioside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of ganglioside?

    <p>Ceramide + Glu + Gal + NANA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of gangliosides?

    <p>Nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

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