Phlebotomy Essentials Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What factor contributes to the phlebotomist's professional image?

Attitude

What are the principles of right and wrong conduct as they apply to professional problems called?

Ethics

What type of testing does the microbiology department perform?

Culture and sensitivity testing (C&S)

Early equipment used for bloodletting included all of the following except a hemostat.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the initials PBT stand for?

<p>Phlebotomy Technician</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HIPAA stand for?

<p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may be a duty of the phlebotomist?

<p>Performing blood draws</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of proxemics?

<p>Maintaining personal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is proper telephone technique when answering the phone?

<p>Being careful of the tone of your voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an institution that provides inpatient services?

<p>Hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is state and federally funded insurance called?

<p>Medicaid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specialty treats disorders of old age?

<p>Gerontology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the department in a hospital that prepares and dispenses drugs?

<p>Pharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CBC stand for?

<p>Complete Blood Count</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory professionals is responsible for the administration of a specific clinical area, such as chemistry?

<p>Technical Supervisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the oldest and largest healthcare standards-setting body in the nation?

<p>The Joint Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization administers federal regulations for CLIA?

<p>CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are set up to monitor all areas of care that tend to cause problems?

<p>Quality Indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does proper patient identification include?

<p>Actively involving patients in their own identifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

What manual describes the necessary steps for patient preparation for laboratory tests?

<p>The Test Catalog</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can identify trends for risk management?

<p>Incident Reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does informed consent mean?

<p>Patient agrees to a procedure after being told of the consequences associated with it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What national organization develops guidelines and sets standards for laboratory procedures?

<p>CLSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal concept is illustrated by a physician being sued for negligence due to the actions of an inexperienced phlebotomist?

<p>Vicarious Liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

A young adult comes into an outpatient lab to have his blood drawn. The phlebotomist refuses to draw this patient's blood because the patient has not reached the age of majority in the state.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do NPSGs stand for?

<p>TJC's annual safety requirement goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Delta check refer to?

<p>Comparing current test results with previous ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quality indicator for blood culture contamination?

<p>Microbiology Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of negligence?

<p>Failure to exercise due care</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can the statute of limitation timing begin?

<p>On the day the negligent act took place</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is described as an anuclear, biconcave disk?

<p>Erythrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circulation?

<p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thick middle muscle layer of the heart called?

<p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do P waves on an EKG indicate?

<p>Atrial contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the systolic pressure reading taken during a blood pressure measurement?

<p>When the first heart sounds are heard as the cuff is deflated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary system?

<p>Carry blood to and from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood vessels are listed in the proper order of blood flow?

<p>Capillary, Venule, Vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the internal space of a blood vessel called?

<p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the longest vein and artery in the body, in that order?

<p>Great saphenous vein, aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred vein for venipuncture in the H shaped pattern?

<p>Median cubital</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between plasma and serum?

<p>Serum contains fibrinogen which plasma does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antigens?

<p>What determines the blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of events after a blood vessel injury?

<p>Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, fibrin clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does lymph originate from?

<p>Tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What heart condition is characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs?

<p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the basilic vein the last choice for venipuncture?

<p>Located close to a major nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for a blood clot circulating in the bloodstream?

<p>Embolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal composition of blood?

<p>55% plasma, 45% formed elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

How large is a normal erythrocyte?

<p>7 to 8 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formed element is the first to play a role in sealing an injury to a blood vessel?

<p>Platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which additive prevents glycolysis?

<p>Sodium fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is typically incorrect during routine venipuncture setup?

<p>Iodine swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tubes can be used to collect a serum specimen?

<p>Red top</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tourniquet in venipuncture?

<p>Find and enter the veins more easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance should be used to clean the site for routine venipuncture on a patient with no known antiseptic allergies?

<p>70% isopropyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following needles has the largest diameter?

<p>18 gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes evacuated tubes to fill with blood automatically?

<p>Premeasured tube vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lavender-top tubes are most commonly used to collect what type of tests?

<p>Hematology tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of the following tubes or containers, which is filled last in the recommended order of draw?

<p>Lavender top</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a butterfly needle typically used for?

<p>Difficult and hand veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

EDTA can be found in which of the following?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood in which type of tube normally clots within five minutes?

<p>SST</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a biocide?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mixing an additive correctly involves turning the wrist how many degrees and back again?

<p>180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a CBC, PT, plasma potassium, and glucose (drawn with a glycolysis inhibitor) are all to be collected during a multiple-tube draw, which of the following are in the correct order of draw?

<p>Light blue, Lavender, Green, Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a green-colored stopper indicate in a blood collection tube?

<p>Contains heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the stopper for a trace element free tube?

<p>Royal blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thixotropic gel is found in which of the following?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of a transillumination device?

<p>Locate veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of blood to anticoagulant that is most critical?

<p>Light blue stopper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NPO stand for?

<p>Nothing by mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is required requisition information?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test should be collected first if multiple orders are received at the same time?

<p>STAT glucose in the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a member of the clergy is with the patient when you arrive to collect a routine specimen?

<p>Come back after the clergy person has gone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best action if a patient does not have an ID band but one is required?

<p>Ask the patient's nurse to attach an ID band before you draw that patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a patient adamantly refuses to have blood drawn?

<p>Notify the patient's nurse or physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach when drawing blood from an eight-year-old child?

<p>Explain the draw in simple terms and ask for the child's cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an inpatient is eating breakfast when you arrive to collect a fasting glucose?

<p>Consult with the patient's nurse to see if the specimen should be collected</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a phlebotomist do after cleansing the venipuncture site with alcohol?

<p>Allow the site to air dry completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the tourniquet be released?

<p>As soon as blood flow is established, before removal of the needle from the arm, before one minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended angle of needle insertion when performing venipuncture on an arm vein?

<p>30 degrees or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does seating a butterfly needle mean?

<p>Gently thread it within the lumen of the vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are blood collection tubes labeled?

<p>Immediately after specimen collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patient is most likely to have an arteriovenous fistula or graft?

<p>Dialysis patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is proper procedure when dealing with an elderly patient after drawing blood?

<p>Make certain to hold adequate pressure after the draw until bleeding stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the tourniquet applied when drawing a hand vein?

<p>Proximal to the wrist bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specimen hemolysis can result from which of the following?

<p>Using a large-volume tube with a 23 gauge needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the least effective way to immobilize a pediatric patient before a blood draw?

<p>Allowing the child to sit with one arm bracing the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria are used to decide which needle gauge to use for venipuncture?

<p>The size and the condition of the vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following venipuncture steps are in the correct order?

<p>Remove needle, place gauze, activate safety device</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to handle a needle-phobic patient?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should the site be examined to determine if bleeding has stopped?

<p>5-10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Examples of timed tests include which of the following?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bending the arm up to apply pressure to the site after venipuncture do?

<p>Enable the site to quickly stop bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique number assigned to a specimen request called?

<p>Accession number</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peak levels of which analyte typically occur around 08:00 hours?

<p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tests are most affected if the patient is not fasting?

<p>Glucose and triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if veins feel hard and cord-like when palpated?

<p>Thrombosed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if tiny red spots appear on the patient's arm when the tourniquet is applied?

<p>Site may bleed excessively</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a patient’s arm is swollen with excess fluids?

<p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phlebotomy Concepts and Definitions

  • Attitude: Influences a phlebotomist's professional image positively.
  • Ethics: Principles governing right and wrong conduct in professional scenarios.
  • Culture and Sensitivity Testing (C&S): Conducted by the microbiology department to identify pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics.
  • Hemostat: Historically used equipment for bloodletting; does not include modern syringes.
  • PBT (Phlebotomy Technician): Credential awarded after passing the American Society for Clinical Pathology exam.
  • HIPAA: Law ensuring national standards for electronic health information exchange and privacy.
  • POCT (Point of Care Testing): Duties may include performing tests at patient care sites.
  • Zone of Comfort: Concept in proxemics relating to personal space during interactions.
  • Telephone Techniques: Use proper tone of voice when answering calls to maintain professionalism.
  • Hospital: Institution that provides inpatient services and continuous care.

Insurance and Specialties

  • Medicaid: Insurance funded by state and federal resources.
  • Gerontology: Medical specialty focused on aging and age-related disorders.
  • Pharmacy: Hospital department responsible for preparing and dispensing medications.

Laboratory Testing

  • CBC (Complete Blood Count): Common hematology test measuring blood components.
  • Technical Supervisor: Professional overseeing the administration of specific clinical laboratory areas.
  • The Joint Commission: Major healthcare standards-setting organization in the U.S.
  • CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services): Body administering CLIA federal regulations.
  • Quality Indicators: Established to monitor and improve care areas prone to issues.

Patient Care Practices

  • Incident Reports: Used for identifying trends in risk management and ensuring safety.
  • Informed Consent: Patients must agree to procedures after understanding risks involved.
  • CLSI: Organization that sets guidelines for laboratory practices.
  • Vicarious Liability: Legal responsibility of a higher authority for the negligent acts of employees.
  • Patient Age Considerations: Minors may require parental consent for blood draws.

Safety and Quality Standards

  • NPSGs (National Patient Safety Goals): Set annual safety requirements for healthcare facilities.
  • Delta Check: Comparing current test results with previous ones to identify discrepancies.
  • Blood Culture Contamination: Key quality indicator assessed by the microbiology department.
  • Negligence: Refers to failure to exercise due care in professional settings.
  • Statute of Limitations: Timeframe that dictates when legal action can be initiated following negligence.
  • Erythrocyte: Red blood cell characterized as an anuclear biconcave disk.

Cardiovascular Functionality

  • Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation.
  • Myocardium: Muscle layer of the heart responsible for contraction.
  • EKG P Waves: Indicate atrial contractions on an electrocardiogram.
  • Systolic Pressure: Measured when the first heart sound is detected during blood pressure monitoring.

Blood Circulation and Vessels

  • Pulmonary System Purpose: Facilitates blood exchange to and from the lungs.
  • Blood Vessel Sequence: Proper order of blood flow through capillaries, venules, and veins.
  • Great Saphenous Vein and Aorta: Longest vein and artery in the human body, respectively.

Phlebotomy Techniques

  • Median Cubital Vein: Preferred site for venipuncture in patients.
  • Plasma vs. Serum: Plasma contains fibrinogen, unlike serum.
  • Blood Type Determinants: Blood type is based on antigens present on red blood cells.
  • Hemostasis Sequence: Involves vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and fibrin clot formation after vessel injury.
  • Lymph Origin: Derived from tissue fluid.

Blood Draw and Sample Handling

  • Edema: Swelling caused by excess fluids in a patient's arm.
  • Specimen Hemolysis: Can occur from improper technique or equipment.
  • Tourniquet Use: Enhances visibility and access to veins during venipuncture.
  • Needle Insertion Angles: Recommended angles for arm and hand vein venipuncture are 30 degrees and 10 degrees, respectively.
  • Blood Collection Protocol: Tubes must be labeled immediately after collection to ensure accuracy.

Pediatric Considerations

  • Child Blood Draw Techniques: Explain procedures simply and involve the child for cooperation.
  • Immobilizing Pediatric Patients: Proper techniques are critical for successfully drawing blood from younger patients.

Test Preparation and Considerations

  • Ordering Tests: Important to follow specimen collection order, especially for timed tests.
  • Fasting Requirements: Certain test accuracy is influenced by fasting status; glucose and triglycerides are particularly affected.

Conclusion

  • Understanding phlebotomy essentials is critical for effective patient care and maintaining safety and quality standards in laboratory practices.

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Test your knowledge of key terms and concepts from 'Phlebotomy Essentials, 7th edition' through interactive flashcards. This quiz covers essential vocabulary and definitions crucial for phlebotomists to maintain a professional image and adhere to ethical standards.

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