Phlebotomy Essentials 6th Edition Chapter 6

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Questions and Answers

What does 'antecubital' refer to?

Front of the elbow (correct)

Side of the torso

Top of the head

Back of the knee

What is arrhythmia?

Irregular heart rate, rhythm or beat

What are atria?

Upper receiving chambers of the heart

What is the basilic vein?

Large vein on the inner side of the antecubital area Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure?

Force exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac cycle?

One complete contraction and subsequent relaxation of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What defines coagulation?

Blood clotting process Signup and view all the answers

What is a cross match test used for?

To determine compatibility of blood for transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What does diastolic pressure measure?

Arterial pressure during the relaxation of the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What does ECG / EKG stand for?

Electrocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

What is an erythrocyte?

Red blood cells (RBC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leukocytes?

White blood cells (WBC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the median cubital vein?

Preferred vein for venipuncture located in the middle of the antecubital fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma?

Fluid portion of whole blood Signup and view all the answers

What does tachycardia refer to?

A fast heart rate over 100 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vasoconstriction' mean?

Reduction in blood vessel diameter due to contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood volume in adults?

5 liters Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sinoatrial node?

Pacemaker of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hemophilia' refer to?

Lack of factor VIII Signup and view all the answers

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _____

arteries Signup and view all the answers

The normal range for a blood pressure reading is _____

120/80 Signup and view all the answers

The outer layer of a blood vessel is called _____

tunica adventitia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phlebotomy Essentials - Key Terms

Antecubital: Refers to the front of the elbow, a common site for venipuncture.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heart rate or rhythm that can indicate underlying health issues.
Atria: Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs.
Basilic Vein: Located on the inner side of the antecubital area; it's the third choice for venipuncture due to its tendency to roll and cause pain.
Blood Pressure: The force of circulating blood against blood vessel walls, crucial for assessing cardiovascular health.
Cardiac Cycle: Encompasses one complete contraction (systole) and subsequent relaxation (diastole) of the heart.
Cephalic Vein: Positioned laterally in the antecubital fossa; it is the second choice for venipuncture.
Coagulation: The process of blood clotting, essential for wound healing.
Cross Match: A compatibility test for blood transfusion to ensure donor and recipient are suitable.
Diastolic Pressure: The arterial pressure when the heart's ventricles are relaxed, represented as the lower number in a blood pressure reading.
ECG/EKG: A test that records the electrical activity of the heart, useful for diagnosing heart conditions.
Erythrocyte: Another term for red blood cells (RBCs), responsible for oxygen transport.
Fibrinolysis: The process that dissolves blood clots, occurring during stage four of hemostasis.
Leukocyte: White blood cells (WBCs) that play a key role in the immune response.
Median Cubital Vein: The preferred site for venipuncture, located in the middle of the antecubital fossa.
Plasma: The liquid portion of blood, making up about 55% of total blood volume and essential for testing.
Pulmonary Circulation: The pathway through which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back, allowing for oxygenation.
Serum: A fluid that separates from clotted blood, similar to plasma but without fibrinogen.
Sphygmomanometer: A device used to measure blood pressure.
Systolic Pressure: The pressure during ventricular contraction, noted as the upper number in a blood pressure measurement.
Thrombin: An enzyme crucial for converting fibrinogen into fibrin during the clot formation process.
Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure and reduces blood flow.
Ventilatory Activity: Involves the action of the heart's ventricles, responsible for delivering blood to arteries.

Blood Components and Functions

Normal Blood Volume: Approximately 5 liters in an adult human.
Normal Blood Composition: Comprises around 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (cells).
Most Numerous Cell Type: Erythrocytes (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in the blood.
Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between blood and tissues.
Anuclear Biconcave Discs: Refers to mature red blood cells which lack a nucleus and are critical for oxygen transport.

Hemostasis

Stages of Hemostasis:
- First stage: Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow.
- Second stage: Primary platelet plug formation occurs.
- Third stage: Secondary hemostatic plug formation for more serious injuries.
- Fourth stage: Fibrinolysis, leading to the dissolution of clots.

Clinical Conditions and Tests

Endocarditis: Infection of the heart lining that can lead to serious complications.
Tachycardia: A heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute, indicating potential heart issues.
Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in WBC count, often signaling infection or inflammation.
Hemophilia: A genetic disorder caused by a lack of clotting factor VIII.
Atherosclerosis: Build-up of lipids in artery walls, contributing to cardiovascular diseases.
Embolism: The blockage of a blood vessel by an abnormal particle, which can be life-threatening.

Blood Types and Transfusions

Rh Factor: An antigen present in Rh-positive blood; Rh-negative individuals can only receive Rh-negative blood.
O Negative Blood: Universal donor type that can be given to any blood group but can only receive O-negative.
Platelet Adhesion: Initial phase of hemostasis where platelets adhere to the site of a blood vessel injury.

Additional Key Information

Vascular Tests Abbreviation: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation).
Function of Sphygmomanometer: Measures blood pressure for diagnosing hypertension or other cardiovascular issues.
Immune Response: B lymphocytes and antibodies play a critical role in immune defense by recognizing pathogens.
Capillary Wall Function: Allows for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
Platelet Formation: Thrombocytes are derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, essential for clotting.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards from Chapter 6 of Phlebotomy Essentials 6th Edition. This chapter covers essential terms and definitions related to anatomy and phlebotomy techniques, including common medical terms and anatomical landmarks. Perfect for students preparing for exams in phlebotomy.