Questions and Answers
What does 'antecubital' refer to?
What is arrhythmia?
Irregular heart rate, rhythm or beat
What are atria?
Upper receiving chambers of the heart
What is the basilic vein?
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What is blood pressure?
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What is the cardiac cycle?
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What defines coagulation?
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What is a cross match test used for?
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What does diastolic pressure measure?
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What does ECG / EKG stand for?
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What is an erythrocyte?
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What is the function of leukocytes?
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What is the median cubital vein?
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What is the function of plasma?
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What does tachycardia refer to?
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What does the term 'vasoconstriction' mean?
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What is the normal blood volume in adults?
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What is the significance of the sinoatrial node?
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What does the term 'hemophilia' refer to?
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The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _____
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The normal range for a blood pressure reading is _____
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The outer layer of a blood vessel is called _____
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Study Notes
Phlebotomy Essentials - Key Terms
- Antecubital: Refers to the front of the elbow, a common site for venipuncture.
- Arrhythmia: Irregular heart rate or rhythm that can indicate underlying health issues.
- Atria: Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs.
- Basilic Vein: Located on the inner side of the antecubital area; it's the third choice for venipuncture due to its tendency to roll and cause pain.
- Blood Pressure: The force of circulating blood against blood vessel walls, crucial for assessing cardiovascular health.
- Cardiac Cycle: Encompasses one complete contraction (systole) and subsequent relaxation (diastole) of the heart.
- Cephalic Vein: Positioned laterally in the antecubital fossa; it is the second choice for venipuncture.
- Coagulation: The process of blood clotting, essential for wound healing.
- Cross Match: A compatibility test for blood transfusion to ensure donor and recipient are suitable.
- Diastolic Pressure: The arterial pressure when the heart's ventricles are relaxed, represented as the lower number in a blood pressure reading.
- ECG/EKG: A test that records the electrical activity of the heart, useful for diagnosing heart conditions.
- Erythrocyte: Another term for red blood cells (RBCs), responsible for oxygen transport.
- Fibrinolysis: The process that dissolves blood clots, occurring during stage four of hemostasis.
- Leukocyte: White blood cells (WBCs) that play a key role in the immune response.
- Median Cubital Vein: The preferred site for venipuncture, located in the middle of the antecubital fossa.
- Plasma: The liquid portion of blood, making up about 55% of total blood volume and essential for testing.
- Pulmonary Circulation: The pathway through which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back, allowing for oxygenation.
- Serum: A fluid that separates from clotted blood, similar to plasma but without fibrinogen.
- Sphygmomanometer: A device used to measure blood pressure.
- Systolic Pressure: The pressure during ventricular contraction, noted as the upper number in a blood pressure measurement.
- Thrombin: An enzyme crucial for converting fibrinogen into fibrin during the clot formation process.
- Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure and reduces blood flow.
- Ventilatory Activity: Involves the action of the heart's ventricles, responsible for delivering blood to arteries.
Blood Components and Functions
- Normal Blood Volume: Approximately 5 liters in an adult human.
- Normal Blood Composition: Comprises around 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (cells).
- Most Numerous Cell Type: Erythrocytes (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in the blood.
- Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between blood and tissues.
- Anuclear Biconcave Discs: Refers to mature red blood cells which lack a nucleus and are critical for oxygen transport.
Hemostasis
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Stages of Hemostasis:
- First stage: Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow.
- Second stage: Primary platelet plug formation occurs.
- Third stage: Secondary hemostatic plug formation for more serious injuries.
- Fourth stage: Fibrinolysis, leading to the dissolution of clots.
Clinical Conditions and Tests
- Endocarditis: Infection of the heart lining that can lead to serious complications.
- Tachycardia: A heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute, indicating potential heart issues.
- Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in WBC count, often signaling infection or inflammation.
- Hemophilia: A genetic disorder caused by a lack of clotting factor VIII.
- Atherosclerosis: Build-up of lipids in artery walls, contributing to cardiovascular diseases.
- Embolism: The blockage of a blood vessel by an abnormal particle, which can be life-threatening.
Blood Types and Transfusions
- Rh Factor: An antigen present in Rh-positive blood; Rh-negative individuals can only receive Rh-negative blood.
- O Negative Blood: Universal donor type that can be given to any blood group but can only receive O-negative.
- Platelet Adhesion: Initial phase of hemostasis where platelets adhere to the site of a blood vessel injury.
Additional Key Information
- Vascular Tests Abbreviation: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation).
- Function of Sphygmomanometer: Measures blood pressure for diagnosing hypertension or other cardiovascular issues.
- Immune Response: B lymphocytes and antibodies play a critical role in immune defense by recognizing pathogens.
- Capillary Wall Function: Allows for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
- Platelet Formation: Thrombocytes are derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, essential for clotting.
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Test your knowledge with flashcards from Chapter 6 of Phlebotomy Essentials 6th Edition. This chapter covers essential terms and definitions related to anatomy and phlebotomy techniques, including common medical terms and anatomical landmarks. Perfect for students preparing for exams in phlebotomy.
