Questions and Answers
What is the correct action to take with the needle when collecting samples?
Which colored stopper tube requires that the full amount be drawn to ensure accurate testing?
What is hemolysis?
What should NOT be done when preparing the skin for venipuncture using an alcohol prep pad?
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What is indicated by a green cap on a collection tube?
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What is the primary function of platelets?
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What does 'QNS' stand for in blood collection terminology?
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How are arteries defined in the context of the circulatory system?
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When performing a blood culture, which type of sample is collected first?
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What does a CBC test measure?
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Which of the following describes hemophilia?
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Which tube is used for glucose testing?
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In what circumstance should a tourniquet not be tied for more than one minute?
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What is the role of fibrinogen in the body?
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What should be done if a patient is unconscious during a blood draw?
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What causes petechiae to appear on the skin?
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What is the liquid component of blood before clotting called?
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Which characteristic is true about the RBCs during blood collection?
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Study Notes
Key Medical Terminology in Phlebotomy
- Anemia: Decreased red blood cell count in the body.
- Anticoagulant: Substance preventing blood clotting, available in various forms (liquid, powder, coated tubes).
- Arteries: Blood vessels carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
- Blood Cells: Varied cells circulating in the blood, including red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC).
- Capillaries: Small blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules.
- CBC: Complete blood count, a common blood test.
- Cubic Centimeter: Volume measurement equivalent to that of a cube.
- Differential: Blood test evaluating white blood cell quantities.
- Fibrinogen: Protein essential for blood clot formation.
- Hematology: Medical field focusing on blood-related studies.
- Hematoma: Blood-filled tissue resulting from a blood vessel break.
- Hemoglobin: Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
- Hemolysis: Rupture of red blood cells.
- Hemophilia: Genetic disorder hindering effective blood clotting.
- Hemorrhage: Significant blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.
- Hemostasis: Process of stopping blood flow.
- Petechiae: Small red or purple spots on the skin from capillary bleeding.
- Phlebitis: Inflammation of a surface vein.
- Plasma: Liquid component of blood before clotting, consisting of water, waste, hormones, antibodies, and blood cells.
- Platelets: Colorless cell fragments that help form clots.
- RBC: Responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body.
- Serum: Liquid component of blood post-clotting.
- Veins: Blood vessels transporting blood back to the heart.
- WBC: Key components of the immune system, assisting in infection defense.
Sample Collection Techniques and Equipment
- Blood collection methods involve the Evacuated Tube Method, requiring a needle, holder/hub, and evacuated tube. One venipuncture can fill multiple tubes.
- Needles typically have two points; the larger side is the bevel which is crucial for insertion.
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Colored caps indicate needle gauge:
- Green cap: 21 gauge (larger opening)
- Black cap: 22 gauge (smaller opening)
- Always collect samples with the bevel up and discard needle and holder together.
Blood Drawing Protocols
- Preparation: Use an alcohol prep pad starting from the center and moving outward to reduce contamination.
- Tourniquet Application: Applied midway between shoulder and elbow, not to exceed one minute, enhances vein prominence.
- Special Situations: Burns can warrant finger punctures, while obesity might require tourniquets on the forearm.
- Take care with patients showing tremors, requiring assistance for safe sample collection.
Colored Stopper Tubes with Additives
- Lavender/Pink: Contains EDTA, used for hematological tests and blood banking; yields plasma.
- Light Blue: Contains Na Citrate, essential for coagulation tests (e.g., PT, PTT); requires full draw for plasma.
- Light Green (PST): Lithium Heparin for STAT chemistry; includes gel separator for plasma.
- Dark Green: Lithium or Sodium Heparin used in chemistry tests for plasma.
- Gray: Contains Na Fluoride for glucose testing; produces plasma.
- Plain Red: Used in blood banking, yielding serum.
- Gold: Contains gel separator and clot activator for all chemistry tests, producing serum.
Cultures and Special Considerations
- Blood cultures are done in sets of three; document which arm is used, alternating sides (e.g., left, right, left).
- Aerobic cultures are collected first as they favor bacteria that require oxygen.
- Difficult blood draw situations: Address individual needs with appropriate adjustments, such as seeking assistance for unconscious patients or complications from casts.
Important Notes
- Never prelabel tubes; patient identification must be done accurately.
- Communication is crucial: HIS (Hospital Information System) and LIS (Laboratory Information System) facilitate effective information exchange.
- Avoid using regular 70% alcohol for cultures to prevent contamination.
- STAT indicates immediacy in lab processing, differing from ASAP.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential medical terminology for phlebotomy in the first week of study. Key concepts include anemia, anticoagulants, and the functions of blood vessels. Test your understanding of these foundational terms essential for phlebotomy practice.
