Phlebotomy Chapter 12 Exam Questions
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Questions and Answers

What is a mnemonic?

Memory aid.

What is a barcode?

Series of bars and spaces representing numbers or letters.

What is a pneumatic tube?

Pressurized air transportation system.

What is the term for permanent computer memory that instructs the computer to carry out user-requested operations?

<p>ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is output?

<p>Processed information generated by the computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method should never be used to prevent exposure to aerosols when the stopper is removed from a specimen tube?

<p>Withdrawing the specimen through the stopper by syringe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes proper aliquot preparation?

<p>Immediately covering aliquot tubes after transferring the specimen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization develops standards for specimen handling and processing?

<p>CLSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interface mean?

<p>Interacting through the connection of computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

ESR determinations on specimens held at room temperature must be made within how many hours?

<p>4 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to prepare routine blood specimen tubes for transportation to the lab?

<p>Seal the tubes in plastic bags.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimens are least likely to require special handling?

<p>Cholesterol and uric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a pre-analytical error made at the time of collection?

<p>Failing to mix tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transferring specimens into aliquot tubes has inherent risks. What involves the least risk?

<p>Aliquot tubes that are prelabeled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a source of preanalytical errors that occurs before specimen collection?

<p>Dehydrated patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was HIPAA enacted?

<p>To provide guidelines for sharing of PHI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are special handheld computer systems used in laboratory medicine capable of?

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Critical values (test values that are considered life-threatening) are also called what?

<p>Panic values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which would be a preanalytical error related to specimen storage?

<p>Exposure to light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which would be a preanalytical error related to specimen transport?

<p>Agitation-induced hemolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a USB drive?

<p>Secondary storage device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular metabolism in specimens that have not been separated from cells will affect which analytes?

<p>Calcitonin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis by cells in blood specimens can falsely lower glucose values by up to what rate?

<p>200 mg/L per hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which samples are time sensitive?

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature is acceptable for a specimen that requires transportation at room temperature?

<p>25°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some blood specimens require cooling to what end?

<p>Slow metabolic process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is least likely to take place in central processing or triage?

<p>Analysis and reporting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is unlikely that removing the stopper from a specimen will cause what?

<p>Loss of iCa2+.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a specimen has an adequate identification, what may the specimen processor do?

<p>Ask the phlebotomist to get a new sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RFID stand for?

<p>Method of specimen identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a preanalytical error occurring during specimen processing?

<p>Inadequate centrifugation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To be considered computer literate, one must be able to do what?

<p>Understand the computer and the functions it performs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a network?

<p>A group of computers linked together for the purpose of sharing information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data can be entered into a computer from what?

<p>Scanners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are computer memory bytes?

<p>Individual data characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of a computer monitor?

<p>Provides visible display of all the information being processed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of random access memory (RAM)?

<p>Can be lost when the computer program is closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which should be excluded from a list of computer peripherals?

<p>Programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does systems software include?

<p>Coded instructions that control processing of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a specimen is collected by a phlebotomist and returned to the laboratory, what occurs next?

<p>Specimen collection is verified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a computer terminal?

<p>Keyboard and computer screen workstation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an intranet?

<p>Connects computer networks within a company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes logging on?

<p>Entering a password to access the LIS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To process input data, what must a computer user do?

<p>Press the enter key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is computer verification of test orders?

<p>A process that allows a user to modify, delete, or accept test orders after review of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'order inquiry' function allow the user to do?

<p>Retrieve all test orders on a patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is confidential and unique to a single computer user?

<p>Password.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typical functions can an LIS perform?

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the laboratory use to identify a specimen throughout the testing process?

<p>Accession number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the computer requisition, which number points to the time the specimen is to be collected?

<p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the computer requisition, which number points to the color of tube required?

<p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the computer requisition, which number points to the specimen accession number?

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information must typically be added to the label after a specimen is collected?

<p>Phlebotomist's initials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a bidirectional computer interface allow?

<p>Data to upload or download between two systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a computer networking system created to share resources within a facility called?

<p>LAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hardcopy in computer language?

<p>Processed data printed on paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current trend in laboratory testing?

<p>POCT expansion capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In specimen handling, why is it important to appreciate the effects of mishandling?

<p>Effects of mishandling the specimen are not always obvious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does proper specimen handling begin?

<p>When the physician orders the test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if you are the only phlebotomist and unfamiliar with a test ordered?

<p>Refer to the user manual for instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the number of tube inversions required during specimen collection depend on?

<p>Manufacturer-recommended inversions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can inadequate mixing of an anticoagulant lead to?

<p>Microclots in the specimen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tube does not require mixing?

<p>Plain red top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does transporting blood specimens with the stopper up help maintain?

<p>Maintaining the sterility of the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do CLSI and OSHA guidelines not require specimen transport bags to have?

<p>Shock-resistance features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency has nothing to do with setting guidelines for specimen transported by courier?

<p>FDA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen is unlikely to be rejected for analysis?

<p>Total bilirubin that is icteric.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specimen is unnecessary to protect from light?

<p>Ammonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will rough handling during transportation not elevate?

<p>WBC counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen needs to be transported on ice?

<p>Ammonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to chill a specimen?

<p>Immerse it in a slurry of ice and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can chilling cause erroneous results for?

<p>Potassium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a cryofibrinogen specimen be transported?

<p>In a 37°C heat block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most probable reason a phlebotomist would wrap a specimen in aluminum foil?

<p>Protect it from room light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A specimen must be transported at or near room body temperature. What temperature requires this?

<p>37°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to CLSI, what is the maximum time limit for separating serum or plasma from cells?

<p>2.0 hours from the time of collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a separator gel prevent?

<p>Glycolysis after the specimen has been centrifuged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is a glucose specimen collected in a sodium fluoride tube stable at room temperature?

<p>24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen has priority over all other specimens during processing and testing?

<p>STAT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following specimens does not need to be centrifuged?

<p>CBC in a lavender tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a valid reason for preparing blood slides made from EDTA specimens within 1 hour?

<p>To preserve the integrity of the blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of PPE is unnecessary during specimen processing?

<p>Covers for footwear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specimen would most likely be accepted for testing despite being not initialed by the collector?

<p>Not initialed by collector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action will compromise the quality of the specimen?

<p>Only partially filling a liquid EDTA tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Results for which test should be normal despite a delay in processing longer than 2 hours?

<p>Pregnancy test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an aliquot?

<p>Portion of the specimen being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen will be automatically rejected if the tube is not filled until the normal vacuum is exhausted?

<p>Prothrombin time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is unaffected by hemolysis?

<p>Hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tests performed on plasma samples are drawn in what type of tubes?

<p>Anticoagulant tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemistry tests are often collected in heparin tubes to what end?

<p>Reduce the turnaround time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to note the type of heparin in a collection tube?

<p>Some types of heparin can affect results of certain tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To avoid airborne infection while processing specimens, what should be done?

<p>Cover tube stoppers with gauze to remove them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance comes to the top when a non-additive specimen is spun in a centrifuge?

<p>Serum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a serum specimen is not completely clotted before centrifugation, what may occur?

<p>Serum may have a fibrin clot in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which collection circumstance is least likely to result in delayed clotting of a serum specimen?

<p>Collection was difficult, hemolyzing red cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test would be most affected if contaminated with a drop of perspiration?

<p>Lytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should stoppers be left on tubes awaiting centrifugation?

<p>To prevent contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum pre-centrifugation time for specimens drawn in serum separator tubes?

<p>30 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can repeated centrifugation of a specimen lead to?

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement describes proper centrifuge operation?

<p>Balance specimens by placing tubes of equal volume and size opposite one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phlebotomy Exam Review Notes

  • Mnemonic: A memory aid used to enhance recall of information.
  • Barcode: A series of bars and spaces that encode numbers or letters for identification.
  • Pneumatic Tube: A system that transports items using pressurized air.
  • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent computer memory that provides instructions for operations.
  • Output: Information produced by a computer after processing data.
  • Preventing Aerosols: Withdrawing specimens by syringe through stoppers may cause aerosol exposure and should be avoided.
  • Aliquot Preparation: Proper procedure involves immediately covering aliquot tubes after specimen transfer.
  • CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute): Organization that establishes standards for specimen handling and processing.
  • Interface: The interaction that occurs between connected computers.
  • ESR Timing: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate determinations must occur within 4 hours of specimen collection.
  • Specimen Transportation: Routine blood tubes should be sealed in plastic bags for transport.
  • Specimen Handling: Cholesterol and uric acid specimens are least likely to require special handling precautions.
  • Pre-analytical Error: Failing to mix tubes during collection is a significant pre-analytical error.
  • Aliquot Risks: Prelabeled aliquot tubes minimize risks during specimen transfer.
  • Preanalytical Errors: Can stem from various sources such as dehydration before collection.
  • HIPAA: Legislation that sets guidelines for the sharing of protected health information (PHI).
  • Handheld Systems: Specialized computers in laboratory settings capable of multifunctional operations.
  • Critical Values: Also known as panic values, these test results indicate potentially life-threatening conditions.
  • Storage Errors: Specimens may be affected by preanalytical errors like exposure to light.
  • Transport Errors: Agitation during transport can lead to hemolysis of specimens.
  • USB Drive: Classifies as a secondary storage device for data.
  • Cellular Metabolism: Can affect analytes like calcitonin if specimens are not separated from cells promptly.
  • Glycolysis Impact: Blood specimens can show a false decrease in glucose levels by 200 mg/L per hour due to glycolysis.
  • Time Sensitivity: All types of specimens collected can be classified as time-sensitive.
  • Transport Temperature: Specimens requiring room temperature transport can be maintained at 25°C.
  • Specimen Cooling: Some blood specimens need cooling to decelerate metabolic processes.
  • Central Processing: Analysis and reporting activities are not typically conducted in central processing or triage areas.
  • Specimen Handling: Removing stopper does not usually affect ionized calcium (iCa2+) levels.
  • Specimen Identification: Adequately identified specimens may still require retesting if issues arise.
  • RFID Technology: Emerging as a method for specimen identification in healthcare settings.
  • Processing Errors: Inadequate centrifugation during processing can lead to significant errors.
  • Computer Literacy: Requires understanding computers and their functional processes.
  • Network: Refers to a group of interconnected computers for information sharing.
  • Data Entry: Can be accomplished through devices like scanners.
  • Computer Bytes: Each byte represents individual data characters.
  • Computer Monitor: Displays all information processed by the computer.
  • Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporary memory that is erased when the program is closed.
  • Exclusion of Programs: Programs should not be considered computer peripherals.
  • Systems Software: Contains coded instructions essential for data processing.
  • Laboratory Information System (LIS): After collection, specimen verification is the next step in the lab.
  • Computer Terminal: A workstation composed of a keyboard and computer screen.
  • Intranet: A network connecting computers within a single organization.
  • Logging On: Involves entering a password to access a system like the LIS.
  • Data Processing: Input data must be confirmed by pressing the enter key.
  • Test Order Verification: Allows users to modify or accept test orders post-review.
  • Order Inquiry: Function permits retrieval of all test orders associated with a patient.
  • Confidentiality: Passwords are secure and unique identifiers for individual computer users.
  • LIS Functions: Typically can perform a wide range of laboratory-related processes.
  • Specimen Identification: The accession number is critical for tracking specimens through their testing process.
  • Specimen Transport Labels: After collection, phlebotomist initials should be added to labels.
  • Bidirectional Interface: Allows for both uploading and downloading data between systems.
  • Local Area Network (LAN): A system designed for sharing resources within a facility.
  • Hardcopy Definition: Refers to data that has been printed on physical paper.
  • Laboratory Testing Trends: Include increased capabilities for point-of-care testing (POCT).
  • Specimen Mishandling: Mismanagement often leads to results that are not visually apparent.
  • Specimen Handling Initiation: Begins when a physician orders a test.
  • Familiarity with Tests: Phlebotomists should refer to manuals when unsure about unfamiliar tests.
  • Tube Inversions: Should follow manufacturer recommendations to ensure proper mixing.
  • Anticoagulant Mixing Errors: Inadequate mixing can lead to issues like microclots in specimens.
  • Plain Red Top Tube: Does not require mixing due to lack of additives.
  • Sterility in Transport: Transporting specimens with stoppers up does not guarantee sample sterility.
  • Transport Bag Standards: CLSI and OSHA do not specify requirements for shock-resistance in specimen transport bags.
  • Specimen Acceptance Criteria: Specimens like icteric total bilirubin are less likely to be rejected.
  • Light Protection: Ammonia specimens do not require light protection.
  • Rough Handling Effects: Does not result in elevated white blood cell counts.
  • Ice Transport: Ammonia specimens must be transported on ice to maintain stability.
  • Chilling Specimens: Best method is immersion in a mixture of ice and water.
  • Erroneous Results: Chilling can affect potassium test results adversely.
  • Cryofibrinogen Transport: Needs to be transported in a 37°C heat block.
  • Aluminum Foil Use: Commonly used to protect specimens from light exposure.
  • Body Temperature Transport: Specimens requiring body temperature transport must be maintained at 37°C.
  • Serum Separation Time: CLSI recommends a maximum of 2 hours for serum or plasma separation from cells post-collection.
  • Glycolysis Prevention: A separator gel is used post-centrifugation to inhibit glycolysis.
  • Glucose Stability: Sodium fluoride tubes stabilize glucose specimens for up to 24 hours at room temperature.
  • Processing Priority: STAT specimens have the highest processing priority.
  • Centrifugation Needs: CBC specimens in lavender tubes do not require centrifugation.
  • EDTA Blood Slides: Must be prepared within 1 hour to preserve cell integrity.
  • PPE Requirements: Covers for footwear are generally not necessary in specimen processing.
  • Specimen Acceptance: Specimens not initialed by the collector may still be tested depending on context.
  • Specimen Quality Compromise: Partial filling of liquid EDTA tubes affects specimen integrity.
  • Test Results Stability: Pregnancy tests typically show normal results regardless of processing delays over 2 hours.
  • Aliquot Definition: A portion of a specimen that is being analyzed or tested.
  • Vacuum Exhaustion Rejection: Prothrombin time specimens are rejected if the tube vacuum is not filled completely.
  • Hemolysis Effects: Hemolysis does not affect hemoglobin test results.
  • Plasma Samples: Obtained using anticoagulant tubes for testing.
  • Heparin Tube Purpose: Often used in chemistry tests to accelerate turnaround time.
  • Heparin Type Awareness: Different heparin types can distinctly impact test results.
  • Airborne Infection Prevention: Use gauze to cover stoppers before removal to reduce infection risk.
  • Centrifuged Non-additive Specimens: Serum rises to the top after centrifugation of a non-additive specimen.
  • Incomplete Clotting After Centrifuging: May result in the presence of fibrin clots in serum.
  • Delayed Clotting Circumstances: Difficult blood collection leading to hemolysis is unlikely to delay clotting.
  • Contamination Effect: A drop of perspiration can most significantly impact tests for electrolytes.
  • Centrifugation Procedures: Stoppers should remain on tubes awaiting centrifugation to prevent contamination.
  • Minimum Precentrifugation Time: Serum separator tubes need a minimum of 30 minutes before centrifugation.
  • Repeated Centrifugation Impact: Can lead to various issues, potentially affecting specimen quality.
  • Centrifuge Operation: Specimens should be balanced in size and volume during centrifugation for optimal results.

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Test your knowledge with this quiz covering key concepts from Phlebotomy Chapter 12. The flashcards include essential terminology and their definitions, such as mnemonics and barcodes. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcing your understanding of phlebotomy.

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