Phlebotomy Terminology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important step in venipuncture?

Patient Identification

What is PPE?

Personal Protective Equipment - gown, mask, and gloves

What is the best way to let a clean site dry?

Air dry

OSHA requires all phlebotomists to be trained regarding what?

Blood borne pathogens and needle safety Signup and view all the answers

All specimens are considered hazardous and infectious so we must use what?

Universal and/or standard precautions Signup and view all the answers

What organization should be contacted regarding employee safety and unsafe working conditions?

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration Signup and view all the answers

What does MSDS mean and what is it part of?

Material Safety Data Sheet, the right to know the law Signup and view all the answers

What color tube and additive is used for CBC, Hct, Hgb, Sed rate?

Lavender, EDTA Signup and view all the answers

Which tube has no additives?

Red, SST Signup and view all the answers

What color tube and which additive is used for Protime and APTT?

Light Blue, Sodium Citrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of blood to additive in a light blue tube?

9 to 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which additive is the best choice for an ethanol specimen?

Na Fluoride Signup and view all the answers

What color tube is an ethanol specimen drawn in?

Grey, Oxalate Signup and view all the answers

In case of a needle stick accident you should...?

Cleanse the site, get patient information if able, and notify supervisor immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tourniquet?

To find a vein Signup and view all the answers

How long can a tourniquet be in place?

1 minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the first thing you must do after every finger stick?

Wipe away the first drop Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to keep the centrifuge lid closed until it comes to a complete stop?

It reduces the chance of aerosol and microbial contamination Signup and view all the answers

What should your slider be when making blood smears?

30 Degrees Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a standard-sized tube collapses the vein?

Use a pediatric tube Signup and view all the answers

Which cleansers are most common for blood culture site preparations?

Povidone Iodine and Chlorhexidine Signup and view all the answers

When used for decontamination, the dilution for bleach in water should be what?

10% Bleach, 90% Water Signup and view all the answers

Which point of care test is done to determine a platelet plug formation?

Bleeding Time (also known as Platelet Function Assay) Signup and view all the answers

Where in the wrist area is ABG's done and which artery?

Outer aspect of the wrist and from the Radial Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which are the smallest vessels in the body?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which are the smallest veins in the body?

Venules Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

Breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

A common site cleaner for venipuncture is...?

70% Isopropyl Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

When anticoagulated blood is spun down in the centrifuge, how does it separate?

Plasma (top), Buffy Coat=WBCs & Platelets (middle), Red Blood Cells (bottom) Signup and view all the answers

MSDS is part of the...?

Right to know the law Signup and view all the answers

When you leave a patient's room, make sure that...?

Everything is returned to where you found it, including bed rails (up if up, down if down) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Serum = Fluid portion of clotted blood, Plasma = Fluid portion of unclotted blood which contains all of its clotting factors (fibrinogen) Signup and view all the answers

Empathy is...?

the validation of a person's feelings Signup and view all the answers

What are QA indicators?

Measurable facts Signup and view all the answers

What system filters, eliminates wastes, and regulates water balance?

Urinary system Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has fragile skin or excessive hair, where should the tourniquet be placed?

Over the clothing or a piece of Coflex/Coband Signup and view all the answers

When drawing on a burn victim, you should...?

Look for a site that is the least damaged or scarred for the draw Signup and view all the answers

Even if you wear gloves, your hands should be washed when?

Before and after specimen collection, toilet use, every time they become soiled Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you squeeze too much during a finger stick/capillary puncture?

Errors in the results by diluting with tissue fluid Signup and view all the answers

If an I.V. is present you must draw blood where?

Below the I.V. Signup and view all the answers

What vein is the most likely to be used for an obese patient?

The Cephalic Vein Signup and view all the answers

If swelling occurs or a hematoma begins to form at the venipuncture site you must...?

Remove the tourniquet and needle and apply pressure Signup and view all the answers

The most prevalent work-related acquired infection in the laboratory is...?

Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

Fibrin strands may be present in serum because...?

It was centrifuged before it fully clotted Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Patient Safety and Identification

Patient identification is the crucial first step in the venipuncture process.
Always confirm the patient's identity to ensure accurate testing and care.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE includes gown, mask, and gloves, essential for the safety of phlebotomists.
Protects against exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials.

Site Preparation and Drying

Air drying is the best method to ensure a clean venipuncture site before proceed.
Adequately clean the site to prevent infection prior to needle insertion.

Blood Safety Training

OSHA mandates that all phlebotomists undergo training regarding blood borne pathogens and needle safety.
Understanding safety protocols is critical to minimize the risk of exposure.

Universal Precautions

Treat all specimens as potentially hazardous; implementing universal and standard precautions is vital.
Always use gloves and appropriate measures regardless of the patient's known health status.

OSHA Role

Contact OSHA regarding employee safety concerns and unsafe working conditions.
OSHA oversees workplace safety and can provide guidelines and support for health care workers.

MSDS and Right to Know

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) informs about hazardous materials and is part of the "right to know" law.
Employees have the right to be informed about the chemicals they may encounter at work.

Tube Colors and Additives

Lavender tube with EDTA is used for CBC, Hct, Hgb, and Sed rate testing.
Red SST tube contains no additives, suitable for certain serum tests.
Light blue tube with Sodium Citrate is designed for Protime and APTT tests, maintaining a 9:1 blood-to-additive ratio.
Grey tube, containing Oxalate, is utilized for ethanol specimens, with sodium fluoride as the preferred additive.

Needle Stick Protocol

In the event of a needle stick accident, cleanse the site, gather patient information if possible, and notify a supervisor immediately.
Quick action can mitigate risks and enhance safety procedures.

Tourniquet Guidelines

The purpose of a tourniquet is to engorge veins, facilitating easier access for venipuncture.
Do not leave a tourniquet in place for longer than one minute to prevent complications.

Finger Stick Procedure

After each finger stick, always wipe away the first drop of blood, which may contain tissue fluid.
This practice ensures accurate specimen collection and testing results.

Centrifuge Protocol

Keep the centrifuge lid closed until it comes to a complete stop to minimize aerosol and microbial contamination risks.
Proper protocols maintain specimen integrity.

Blood Smear Techniques

Create blood smears at a 30-degree angle to ensure optimal spread of the blood specimen.

Pediatric Considerations

If a standard-sized tube collapses the vein of a pediatric patient, switch to a pediatric tube to minimize trauma.

Common Cleansers

Povidone Iodine and Chlorhexidine are the primary cleansers used for blood culture site preparation.
Ensure correct use to prevent contamination during specimen collection.

Bleach Dilution for Decontamination

For decontamination, mix 10% bleach with 90% water to effectively clean surfaces exposed to biological materials.

Blood Collection Techniques

ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases) are drawn from the outer aspect of the wrist, specifically from the Radial Artery.
Capillaries are the smallest vessels, while venules are the smallest veins in the body.

Respiratory System Functions

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, aiding in maintaining homeostasis.

Venipuncture Considerations

Use a common site cleaner, such as 70% Isopropyl Alcohol, for venipuncture to ensure sterile conditions.
Proper removal and application of pressure are necessary if swelling or a hematoma occurs at the venipuncture site.

Serum vs. Plasma

Serum is the fluid portion of clotted blood, while plasma is the unclotted fluid containing all clotting factors.
Understanding this difference is essential for accurate laboratory analysis.

Empathy and Patient Care

Empathy involves the validation of a person's feelings, fostering better patient-provider relationships.
Crucial for delivering compassionate healthcare.

Quality Assurance Indicators

QA indicators are measurable facts that help assess the quality of care and services provided.

Urinary System Role

The urinary system filters and eliminates waste while regulating water balance, playing a key role in bodily functions.

Fragile Skin Considerations

When a patient has fragile skin, place the tourniquet over clothing or use a soft band to avoid damage.

Blood Collection Challenges

If squeezing too much during a finger stick, tissue fluid may dilute blood, leading to erroneous results.
Avoid excessive pressure when collecting capillary samples.

Drawing Blood Near an IV

Always draw blood below an IV line to prevent contamination and interference with the sample.

Vein Selection for Obese Patients

The cephalic vein is commonly selected for venipuncture in obese patients due to its accessibility.

Post-Procedure Protocol

When leaving a patient's room, ensure all items (e.g., bed rails) are returned to their original position to maintain patient safety.

Infection Risks

Hepatitis B is the most prevalent work-related acquired infection in laboratory settings, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols.

Importance of Complete Clotting

Fibrin strands may appear in serum if the specimen was centrifuged before fully clotting, potentially impacting test results.

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Test your knowledge on essential phlebotomy terms and procedures with these flashcards. Each card covers vital concepts such as patient identification and personal protective equipment. Perfect for students and professionals looking to reinforce their understanding of safety and techniques in blood collection.