Phlebotomy Certification Exam Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Capillary Puncture?

3rd or 4th finger for adults, heel stick for infants; lancet cut across ridges; hold the tube horizontal when filling. Don't squeeze finger too tightly or milk the finger. Wipe off 1st drop.

What can happen if the vein collapses during a blood draw?

If you pull on the plunger of the syringe too hard or too quickly during a draw, or use too strong of a vacuum for the vein.

What is an anticoagulant?

An agent used to prevent blood clotting and to keep the specimen whole blood.

What is the purpose of a red top tube?

<p>No additive; clot forms; serum used for chemistries, electrolytes, thyroids, hormone, liver, kidney, lipid studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tiger top tube also known as?

<p>Red/Gray top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the additive in a lavender top tube?

<p>EDTA additive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance is found in a grey top tube?

<p>Sodium Fluoride/Potassium oxalate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with the first drop of blood during a capillary draw?

<p>Wipe it away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What veins are in the antecubital area?

<p>Basilic, cephalic, and median veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hemoconcentration?

<p>The increase of the cellular/solid elements in direct ratio to plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tourniquet in phlebotomy?

<p>To restrict blood flow to distend veins for phlebotomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a medical assistant do if a patient feels dizzy during a blood draw?

<p>Immediately remove the tourniquet and needle, stop the patient from falling, lower their head and arms, and put something cold on the back of their neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after successfully drawing blood?

<p>Label the tube, bandage the patient, document the draw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tests are included in a Complete Blood Count?

<p>WBC, RBC, Hct, Hemoglobin (Hb), RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), blood smears, WBC Differential, platelet count.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Prothrombin time (PT) and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests used for?

<p>Coagulation studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in lipid studies?

<p>Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a chemistry panel measure?

<p>Sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, glucose, BUN, creatinine, calcium, protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are included in a thyroid panel?

<p>TSH, T4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tests are included in MI studies?

<p>CPK, Tropin, Myo tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in spun uncoagulated blood?

<p>Plasma on top, 'Buffy coat' white blood cells and platelets in the middle, red blood cells on the bottom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between spun clotted blood and spun uncoagulated blood?

<p>Spun clotted blood has serum on top and a clot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capillary Puncture

Puncturing the skin to collect a small blood sample, typically from a finger or heel.

Tourniquet Placement

Apply 3-4 inches above the puncture site, for no more than 1 minute.

Antecubital Veins

Basilic, cephalic, and median.

Solid Blood Elements

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Plasma

The liquid part of blood that contains clotting factors.

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Serum

The liquid part of blood after it has clotted, devoid of clotting factors.

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Red Top Tube

Tube used for serum studies like chemistries and hormones; contains no additive.

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Tiger Top (Red/Gray) Tube

Tube used for serum studies; contains a clot activator.

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Lavender Top Tube

Tube used for whole blood tests like CBC and blood banking; contains EDTA.

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Gold Top Tube

Tube used for serum studies; contains a clot activator.

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Grey Top Tube

Tube used for glucose and alcohol testing; contains sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate.

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Light Blue Top Tube

Tube used for coagulation studies (PT, PTT); contains sodium citrate and must be filled properly.

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Hemoconcentration

Concentration of cells in the blood due to prolonged tourniquet application or fist pumping.

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Dizziness During Draw

Remove tourniquet/needle, support patient, cold compress.

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Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Includes WBC, RBC, Hct, Hemoglobin, and platelet count.

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Coagulation Studies

Prothrombin time (PT) and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT).

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Lipid Studies

Measures cholesterol and triglycerides levels.

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Chemistry Panels

Assess various electrolytes and metabolic functions.

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Spun Uncoagulated Blood

Plasma, buffy coat, and red blood cells.

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Spun Clotted Blood

Serum on top and a clot at the bottom.

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Study Notes

Phlebotomy Techniques

  • Capillary puncture is performed on the 3rd or 4th finger for adults and heel sticks for infants; wipe away the first drop to avoid contamination.
  • Tourniquet should be placed 3-4 inches above the puncture site for no longer than 1 minute to prevent hemoconcentration.

Vein Anatomy

  • Three main veins in the antecubital area: basilic, cephalic, and median.

Blood Components

  • Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes represent the solid elements in blood, while plasma is the liquid portion containing clotting factors.
  • Serum is the liquid portion of clotted blood, devoid of clotting factors.

Blood Collection Tubes

  • Red top: No additive; used for serum studies including chemistries and hormones.
  • Tiger top (Red/Gray): Contains clot activator; used for serum studies.
  • Lavender top: Contains EDTA; for whole blood tests such as CBC and blood banking.
  • Gold top: Clot activator; used for serum studies.
  • Grey top: Contains sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate for glucose and alcohol testing.
  • Light blue top: Contains sodium citrate; used for coagulation studies (PT, PTT) and must be filled to the proper level.

Common Procedures and Precautions

  • Avoid squeezing the finger tightly during a draw to prevent vein collapse.
  • Hemoconcentration can occur from prolonged tourniquet application or fist pumping.
  • Properly label tubes and document the draw after collection.

Patient Care

  • If the patient feels dizzy during a blood draw, immediately remove the tourniquet and needle, support the patient, and apply a cold compress to the neck.

Blood Tests

  • Complete Blood Count (CBC) includes WBC, RBC, Hct, Hemoglobin, and platelet count.
  • Coagulation studies include Prothrombin time (PT) and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT).
  • Lipid studies measure cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
  • Chemistry panels assess various electrolytes and metabolic functions.

Types of Blood Samples

  • Spun uncoagulated blood has plasma on top, buffy coat in the middle, and red blood cells at the bottom.
  • Spun clotted blood has serum on top and a clot at the bottom.

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