Philosophie et Psychologie

Classifications and Definitions

• Présent malheureux/Présent agréable: The present can be perceived as unhappy due to unmet expectations, the gap between desire and reality. Conversely, a pleasant present can be tinged with sadness due to the awareness of its transience.

• Aliéné: Being estranged from oneself.

• Kairos: The opportune moment.

• Doxa: Common opinion.

• Cogito: Descartes' famous philosophical assertion, "I think, therefore I am."

• Amour propre: Self-respect; the feeling of one's own worth and dignity, motivating actions to be respected by others.

• Ataraxie: Peace of mind; absence of mental disturbance.

• Aponie: Absence of bodily distress.

Freudian Unconscious

• Conscient: Conscious thoughts and perceptions.

• Préconscient: The reservoir of memories, thoughts, and feelings that can easily be brought into consciousness.

• Inconscient: The part of the mind containing repressed desires, fears, and thoughts that significantly influence the conscious mind.

Real vs. Ideal

• Real: What truly exists.

• Ideal: A concept or aspiration, not necessarily tangible or achievable immediately.

• Fatalism/Determinism: Philosophical viewpoint asserting events are predetermined.

• Prediction/Prediction: Distinction between anticipating an event based on observations versus definitively declaring an outcome, often based on less solid groundwork.

• Essence/Existence: The core defining characteristics of something versus its actual state of being.

Complex Definitions

• Necessary: Something that must be, cannot be otherwise.

• Contingent: Something that is, but could have been different.

• Impossible: Something that cannot be.

• Possible: Something that could be, but isn't currently.

Natural and Unnatural Desires

• Some desires, like basic needs (food, water, rest), are natural and necessary.

• Other desires are considered vain, or superficial.

• Philosophically, the focus is on discerning the worthwhile or ultimately satisfying goals.