Definitions and Concepts in Psychology

The scientific study of mind and behavior.

Private inner experience

Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.

<p>First to take a scientific approach to psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyze the mind by breaking it down to basic components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study how mental abilities allow people to adapt to their environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired through experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blank Slate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Argued for dualism between mind and body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Argued against Descartes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Created Phrenology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics are localized in specific regions of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgically removed brain pieces; argued against Gall's methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied brain damaged patients to link localization to ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of biological processes, especially in the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied human reaction time; estimated the length of nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory input from the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opened the first psychological laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subjective observation of one's own experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied under Wundt; focused on identifying basic elements of the mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Darwin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set up the first psychological laboratory in North America; focused on development and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean-Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hysteria caused from painful unconscious experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the mind that operates outside of awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approach to understand human behavior that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carl Jung and Alfred Adler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pioneered a new movement in Humanistic Psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goal to predict and control behavior through the study of observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goal to predict and control behavior through the study of observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied the physiology of digestion and founded classical conditioning (Stimulus-Response).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-R</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developed the 'Skinner Box' or conditioning chamber to explain learning, and founded operant conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consequences of a behavior that determine whether it will be more likely that the behavior will occur again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism ignored mental processes and evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Errors of perception, memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Founded induced motion phenomena. Created Gestalt Psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovered that memory recall is flawed in contrast to Hermann Ebbinghaus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied cognitive development (errors) in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied the construal of stimuli; topology as a mathematical model of subjective experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovered attention has limited capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 pieces (give or take 2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesioned rats' brains to unsuccessfully localize learning; led to physiological psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habit-making, pattern-creating, social creatures/animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence and absence of other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subfield of psychology that studies the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied 'mental chemistry' and obedience in lab experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studied stereotyping, prejudice, and racism as perceptual errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture makes little difference on psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological phenomena are likely to vary considerably across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Psychological Association (APA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First female APA President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First African-American APA President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Association for Psychological Science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical, Counseling, School, Industrial/Organizational.</p> Signup and view all the answers