Philippine Politics and Governance

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Questions and Answers

What is politics according to Crick?

The administration of justice and the preservation of the state from external danger.

The activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live.

The exercise of power or authority by political leaders for attainment of the well-being of their country‘s citizens or inhabitants.

Activity by which different interests are conciliated by giving them a share in power in proportion to their importance to the welfare and the survival of the whole community. (correct)

According to Mendoza, what does the term government refer to?

The formal institutions through which a group of people is ruled or governed. (correct)

The exercise of power or authority by political leaders for attainment of the well-being of their country‘s citizens or inhabitants.

The activities that organize individuals, systematically resolve disputes, and maintain order in society.

The people and organizations that make, enforce, and apply political decisions for a society.

Who assisted the Datu in implementing rules and penalties to maintain peace and order?

The National Government

The Council of Elders (correct)

The Provincial Council

The Spanish Government

What is one of the important purposes of government according to De Leon?

The promotion of education. Signup and view all the answers

What is governance according to Tamayo?

The exercise of power or authority by political leaders for attainment of the well-being of their country‘s citizens or inhabitants. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the governor general in the Philippines?

King's representative and highest-ranking official Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of creating local government units by the Spaniards?

To facilitate the country's administration Signup and view all the answers

What is politics according to Heywood?

The activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the alcalde mayor?

Representative of the Spanish king and the governor general Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of government according to De Leon?

The advancement of the physical, economic, and social and cultural well-being of the people. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Katipunan?

A secret society that led the revolution on August 26, 1896 Signup and view all the answers

What is politics according to Barrington et al?

The set of activities that organizes individuals, systematically resolves disputes, and maintains order in society. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of government according to De Leon?

To accomplish services or functions that are beyond the capabilities of any individual or enterprise. Signup and view all the answers

What was the structure of the Katipunan government?

Central government vested in a Supreme Council Signup and view all the answers

Who headed the corregimiento?

The corregidor Signup and view all the answers

What was the main concern of the Gobernadorcillos?

Efficient governance and tax collection Signup and view all the answers

What type of jurisdiction does the court have over contests involving elective regional officials?

Exclusive original Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a political party?

To bring about the adoption of favoured political policies or programmes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following electoral systems is characterized by the presence of only one dominant party?

One-party system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a two-party system?

Presence of two strong parties that compete with each other Signup and view all the answers

Which sector does civil society operate outside of?

Governmental and for-profit sectors Signup and view all the answers

When does the term of the President of the Philippines start?

At noon of the 30th day of June after the election Signup and view all the answers

What type of issues does civil society often champion?

Issues of the marginalized members of society Signup and view all the answers

When is the regular election for President held?

On the second Monday of May on the last year of the present president's term Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of a multiparty system?

Fair competition among multiple parties Signup and view all the answers

What is the President required to do before assuming office?

Take the oath of office Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of civil society groups?

To promote the interests of citizens and champion their causes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the military powers of the President?

Order the AFP to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion Signup and view all the answers

What is the Power of Appointment of the President?

The power to appoint government officials in executive departments, Constitutional Commissions, and ambassadors Signup and view all the answers

What is the Executive Power of the President?

The power to enforce and administer laws Signup and view all the answers

What is the President's role in government decisions?

To carry out government decisions as the chief executive Signup and view all the answers

How many terms can the President serve?

One term Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a Non-Governmental Organization?

To work toward social or humanitarian goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Civic Groups?

They are groups of people from the community who volunteer their time Signup and view all the answers

According to Colas, what is a social movement?

A sustained and purposeful collective mobilized by an identifiable, self-organized group Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of social movements in society according to Phatharathananunt?

They are decisive forces in democratic breakthrough Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of social movements according to Blumer?

They are collective enterprises to establish a new order of life Signup and view all the answers

What was the experience of certain groups during the dictatorial regime of Marcos?

They were arrested, tortured, and killed Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Politics

Politics is the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.
It is a process through which groups reach and enforce binding decisions.
Politics involves conciliating different interests by giving them a share in power in proportion to their importance to the welfare and survival of the community.
It is a set of activities that organizes individuals, systematically resolves disputes, and maintains order in society through the creation and enforcement of rules and government policy.
Politics is an attempt by human beings to improve their lives and create the Good Society.

Government

Government refers to the formal institutions through which a group of people is ruled or governed.
It includes the people and organizations that make, enforce, and apply political decisions for a society.
The purposes of government include:
- Maintaining peace and order
- Protecting persons and property
- Administering justice
- Promoting education
- Preserving the state from external danger
- Advancing the physical, economic, social, and cultural well-being of the people

Governance

Governance is the exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the attainment of the well-being of their country's citizens or inhabitants.
In the Philippines, the Datu and the Maginoos (Council of Elders) assisted in implementing rules, passing judgment, and maintaining peace and order.

The Spanish Government in the Philippines

The Spanish established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines.
The governor general, as the King's representative, exercised certain legislative powers.
Local government units were created to facilitate administration, with two types: alcadia and corregimiento.
Alcalde mayores represented the Spanish king and governor general in their respective provinces.
Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by Gobernadorcillos, whose main concerns were efficient governance and tax collection.

The Katipunan Government

The Katipunan was a secret society that led the revolution on August 26, 1896.
It was organized by Andres Bonifacio with a central government vested in a Supreme Council.
Each province had a Provincial Council, each town had a Popular Council, and the Judicial Power was exercised by a Judicial Council.

The Philippine Government

The President is the head of state and government.
The term of the President starts at noon of the 30th day of June after the election.
The President is required to take an oath before assuming office.
Powers of the President include:
- Executive power
- Power of appointment
- Power of control
- Military power
- Diplomatic or foreign relations power

Political Party

A political party is an organized and presumably durable association of individuals or groups that endeavors to place its members in governmental offices.
The purpose of a political party is to bring about the adoption of favored political policies or programs.

Types of Electoral System

One-party system: a particular party is so much stronger than its competitors that it almost invariably wins control of the government.
Bi or two-party system: two major parties compete with each other, and one or the other emerges as the victor in elections.
Multiparty system: multiple parties compete with each other on relatively equal terms.

Civil Society

Civil society is comprised of groups or organizations working in the interest of citizens, operating outside of the governmental and for-profit sectors.
They champion issues of marginalized members of society, such as poverty, environmental protection, human rights, and labor rights.

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

An NGO is a non-profit group that works toward social or humanitarian goals worldwide.

Civic Groups

Civic groups are made up of people from the community who volunteer their time to raise money for community projects or needs.

Social movements are defined as a sustained and purposeful collective mobilization by an identifiable, self-organized group.
They are formed to establish a new order of life, promote or resist a change in the society or group of which it is a part.
Social movements were decisive forces in democratic breakthroughs in the Philippines, particularly during the dictatorial regime of Marcos.

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Description

Understand the basics of politics and governance, including the definition of politics and its role in shaping the rules and decisions that govern society.