Philippine English Reliability Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant limitation of the data compiled in ICE-PH?

  • It includes contributions from various Filipino dialects.
  • It primarily consists of data from the educated acrolectal sector. (correct)
  • It focuses solely on rural areas.
  • It is based on random sampling from the general population.

    • Bautista claims the ICE-PH data can be generalized to all of the Philippines.

    False

    What aspect of Philippine English has been noted in existing research studies?

    Innovations in the lexicon, distinct pronunciation, and grammatical features.

    The corpus ICE-PH is primarily based on data from a private ______ community.

    <p>university</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following researchers with their contributions to Philippine English studies:

    <p>Bautista = Noted the limitations of ICE-PH data Collins et al. = Studied endonormative stabilization Borlongan = Argued aspects of linguistic development Martin = Documented unique features of Philippine English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What methodology issue is highlighted regarding the data collection for ICE-PH?

    <p>It involved convenience sampling due to funding limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The varying quality of texts in the ICE-PH is acknowledged by Bautista.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the educational class primarily using Philippine English?

    <p>Educated class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mixed Englishes also referred to as?

    <p>Hybrid Englishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taglish is primarily used by lower-class individuals in the Philippines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the three established X-Englishes mentioned.

    <p>Taglish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conyo English was coined by _____ in 2015.

    <p>Borlongan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mixed Englishes with their characteristics:

    <p>Taglish = Mix of Tagalog and English Conyo English = Recent mixed language in the Philippines Singlish = Basilectal variety of Standard Singapore English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a form of Taglish communication?

    <p>Television commercials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to studies, Taglish is completely free from any stigma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'conyo' historically signify during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines?

    <p>It refers to both an interjection for a Spaniard and a vulgar term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hokaglish is considered one of the three established mixed languages along with Taglish and _____.

    <p>Conyo English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative consequence of generalizing findings based on 'Philippine English'?

    <p>Advocates elitism by ignoring minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The identification of a unified 'Philippine English' has fully supported regional varieties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three sub-varieties of 'Philippine English' mentioned?

    <p>Yaya English, bargirl English, Colegiala English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The success of the Philippine English advocacy should not be an end on its own but a call to __________ the identity of Philippine English.

    <p>non-essentialize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Essentializing moves = Classifying identities rigidly Non-essentializing = Recognizing fluidity in identity Yaya English = A sub-variety related to nannies Bargirl English = A sub-variety related to nightlife settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of local teachers regarding 'Philippine English'?

    <p>They taught 'AmE' and tried to correct local usages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The establishment of 'Philippine English' has been universally accepted among Filipinos.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Previous studies on Philippine English may have overlooked the variations of English due to __________.

    <p>erasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of non-standard variation in Philippine English according to the research discussed?

    <p>It is essential for deconstructing the current framework of Philippine English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gonzalez predicted a decline in the number of English speakers in the Philippines due to language policies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of variety that falls under the notion of Philippine 'Englishes'.

    <p>Philippine Chinese English or Yaya English or X-Englishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The withdrawal of the United States from the Philippines in _____ may have affected the standard of American English.

    <p>1946</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Thomasites = American teachers who taught English in the Philippines Philippine English = An English variety influenced by local languages Language initiatives = Local programs aimed at promoting native languages Pro-English policies = Policies that support the use of English in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what factor has not contributed to the status of English in the Philippines?

    <p>Isolation from global communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philippine English is characterized by features that are entirely based on American English.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'X-Englishes' refer to in the context of Philippine English?

    <p>Mixed varieties of English influenced by various local languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes the acrolectal, mesolectal, and basilectal varieties of English?

    <p>The speaker’s frequency of English use in various domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bargirl English is associated with female employees in educational institutions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What English variety is referred to as 'nanny English'?

    <p>Yaya English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The English variety spoken by female students educated in convent schools is known as __________ English.

    <p>Colegiala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following English sub-varieties with their characteristics:

    <p>Yaya English = Spoken by young maids Bargirl English = Used by female employees in bars Colegiala English = Spoken by college-educated women Fractalism = Projection of opposition onto other levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts relates to the idea of projecting opposition at different levels?

    <p>Fractal recursivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The higher the preference for English in daily activities, the more basilectal the English spoken.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual's English may vary across different __________ and occupations.

    <p>professions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Reliability of Philippine English Data

    • The ICE-PH corpus is an attempt to create an initial corpus of Philippine English, but it has limitations.
    • The data is mainly from educated "acrolectal" speakers, particularly college freshmen, and does not represent the entire Philippines.
    • The corpus is Manila-centric, collected through convenience sampling due to funding and resource constraints.
    • This means that conclusions drawn from the ICE-PH should not be generalized to the whole Philippines.

    Current Research on Philippine English

    • Research on Philippine English, like Collins et al. (2014), Borlongan (2016), and Martin (2014b), assumes a general "Philippine English" exists.
    • This assumption overlooks the diversity of English usage across various social groups and regions in the Philippines.
    • It may perpetuate elitism by ignoring the experiences of minority and marginalized communities.

    The Need for a More Holistic Approach

    • Generalizing different features of English in the Philippines under one banner—Philippine English may have been necessary in the past but is no longer appropriate.
    • The concept of a single "Philippine English" is not fully accepted by Filipinos, leading to a tension between essentializing and non-essentializing.
    • The focus should shift from standardizing a single "Philippine English" to recognizing the complex and diverse nature of English usage in the Philippines.

    Exploring the Diversity of Philippine Englishes

    • Research suggests a move away from a singular "Philippine English" to "Philippine Englishes"—highlighting the variation of English usage.
    • These include substrate-influenced Englishes based on indigenous languages and occupation-based Englishes.
    • Examples of occupation-based Englishes include Yaya English (nanny English), Bargirl English, and Colegiala English (college girl English).

    The Rise of "X-Englishes"

    • The concept of fractal recursivity suggests that the partitioning and dichotomizing process of language can be observed at multiple levels.
    • Fluidly mixed or codemeshed Englishes, referred to as hybrid Englishes or "X-Englishes" (e.g., Singlish, Hinglish), are becoming more common globally.
    • These codemeshed Englishes often involve heavy lexical borrowing from English into local languages.

    Examining Taglish and Conyo English

    • Taglish, a blend of Tagalog and English, is widely used in media, sports commentary, and informal communication.
    • It is considered exclusive to the middle and upper classes, reflecting their proficiency in both Tagalog and English.
    • Conyo English, a more recent variant, originated from the Spanish term "conyo," which denotes a Spaniard.

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    Philippine Englishes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the reliability of data concerning Philippine English. This quiz covers the limitations of the ICE-PH corpus and the need for a more inclusive approach to studying English variations in the Philippines. Dive into recent research and understand the implications for representation and diversity.

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