Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant limitation of the data compiled in ICE-PH?
What is a significant limitation of the data compiled in ICE-PH?
- It includes contributions from various Filipino dialects.
- It primarily consists of data from the educated acrolectal sector. (correct)
- It focuses solely on rural areas.
- It is based on random sampling from the general population.
Bautista claims the ICE-PH data can be generalized to all of the Philippines.
Bautista claims the ICE-PH data can be generalized to all of the Philippines.
False (B)
What aspect of Philippine English has been noted in existing research studies?
What aspect of Philippine English has been noted in existing research studies?
Innovations in the lexicon, distinct pronunciation, and grammatical features.
The corpus ICE-PH is primarily based on data from a private ______ community.
The corpus ICE-PH is primarily based on data from a private ______ community.
Match the following researchers with their contributions to Philippine English studies:
Match the following researchers with their contributions to Philippine English studies:
What methodology issue is highlighted regarding the data collection for ICE-PH?
What methodology issue is highlighted regarding the data collection for ICE-PH?
The varying quality of texts in the ICE-PH is acknowledged by Bautista.
The varying quality of texts in the ICE-PH is acknowledged by Bautista.
What term is used to describe the educational class primarily using Philippine English?
What term is used to describe the educational class primarily using Philippine English?
What are mixed Englishes also referred to as?
What are mixed Englishes also referred to as?
Taglish is primarily used by lower-class individuals in the Philippines.
Taglish is primarily used by lower-class individuals in the Philippines.
Name one of the three established X-Englishes mentioned.
Name one of the three established X-Englishes mentioned.
Conyo English was coined by _____ in 2015.
Conyo English was coined by _____ in 2015.
Match the following mixed Englishes with their characteristics:
Match the following mixed Englishes with their characteristics:
Which of the following is a form of Taglish communication?
Which of the following is a form of Taglish communication?
According to studies, Taglish is completely free from any stigma.
According to studies, Taglish is completely free from any stigma.
What does the term 'conyo' historically signify during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines?
What does the term 'conyo' historically signify during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines?
Hokaglish is considered one of the three established mixed languages along with Taglish and _____.
Hokaglish is considered one of the three established mixed languages along with Taglish and _____.
What is a potential negative consequence of generalizing findings based on 'Philippine English'?
What is a potential negative consequence of generalizing findings based on 'Philippine English'?
The identification of a unified 'Philippine English' has fully supported regional varieties.
The identification of a unified 'Philippine English' has fully supported regional varieties.
What are the three sub-varieties of 'Philippine English' mentioned?
What are the three sub-varieties of 'Philippine English' mentioned?
The success of the Philippine English advocacy should not be an end on its own but a call to __________ the identity of Philippine English.
The success of the Philippine English advocacy should not be an end on its own but a call to __________ the identity of Philippine English.
Match the terms with their descriptions:
Match the terms with their descriptions:
What is the view of local teachers regarding 'Philippine English'?
What is the view of local teachers regarding 'Philippine English'?
The establishment of 'Philippine English' has been universally accepted among Filipinos.
The establishment of 'Philippine English' has been universally accepted among Filipinos.
Previous studies on Philippine English may have overlooked the variations of English due to __________.
Previous studies on Philippine English may have overlooked the variations of English due to __________.
What is the significance of non-standard variation in Philippine English according to the research discussed?
What is the significance of non-standard variation in Philippine English according to the research discussed?
Gonzalez predicted a decline in the number of English speakers in the Philippines due to language policies.
Gonzalez predicted a decline in the number of English speakers in the Philippines due to language policies.
Name one type of variety that falls under the notion of Philippine 'Englishes'.
Name one type of variety that falls under the notion of Philippine 'Englishes'.
The withdrawal of the United States from the Philippines in _____ may have affected the standard of American English.
The withdrawal of the United States from the Philippines in _____ may have affected the standard of American English.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
According to the content, what factor has not contributed to the status of English in the Philippines?
According to the content, what factor has not contributed to the status of English in the Philippines?
Philippine English is characterized by features that are entirely based on American English.
Philippine English is characterized by features that are entirely based on American English.
What does the term 'X-Englishes' refer to in the context of Philippine English?
What does the term 'X-Englishes' refer to in the context of Philippine English?
What primarily distinguishes the acrolectal, mesolectal, and basilectal varieties of English?
What primarily distinguishes the acrolectal, mesolectal, and basilectal varieties of English?
Bargirl English is associated with female employees in educational institutions.
Bargirl English is associated with female employees in educational institutions.
What English variety is referred to as 'nanny English'?
What English variety is referred to as 'nanny English'?
The English variety spoken by female students educated in convent schools is known as __________ English.
The English variety spoken by female students educated in convent schools is known as __________ English.
Match the following English sub-varieties with their characteristics:
Match the following English sub-varieties with their characteristics:
Which of the following concepts relates to the idea of projecting opposition at different levels?
Which of the following concepts relates to the idea of projecting opposition at different levels?
The higher the preference for English in daily activities, the more basilectal the English spoken.
The higher the preference for English in daily activities, the more basilectal the English spoken.
An individual's English may vary across different __________ and occupations.
An individual's English may vary across different __________ and occupations.
Study Notes
The Reliability of Philippine English Data
- The ICE-PH corpus is an attempt to create an initial corpus of Philippine English, but it has limitations.
- The data is mainly from educated "acrolectal" speakers, particularly college freshmen, and does not represent the entire Philippines.
- The corpus is Manila-centric, collected through convenience sampling due to funding and resource constraints.
- This means that conclusions drawn from the ICE-PH should not be generalized to the whole Philippines.
Current Research on Philippine English
- Research on Philippine English, like Collins et al. (2014), Borlongan (2016), and Martin (2014b), assumes a general "Philippine English" exists.
- This assumption overlooks the diversity of English usage across various social groups and regions in the Philippines.
- It may perpetuate elitism by ignoring the experiences of minority and marginalized communities.
The Need for a More Holistic Approach
- Generalizing different features of English in the Philippines under one banner—Philippine English may have been necessary in the past but is no longer appropriate.
- The concept of a single "Philippine English" is not fully accepted by Filipinos, leading to a tension between essentializing and non-essentializing.
- The focus should shift from standardizing a single "Philippine English" to recognizing the complex and diverse nature of English usage in the Philippines.
Exploring the Diversity of Philippine Englishes
- Research suggests a move away from a singular "Philippine English" to "Philippine Englishes"—highlighting the variation of English usage.
- These include substrate-influenced Englishes based on indigenous languages and occupation-based Englishes.
- Examples of occupation-based Englishes include Yaya English (nanny English), Bargirl English, and Colegiala English (college girl English).
The Rise of "X-Englishes"
- The concept of fractal recursivity suggests that the partitioning and dichotomizing process of language can be observed at multiple levels.
- Fluidly mixed or codemeshed Englishes, referred to as hybrid Englishes or "X-Englishes" (e.g., Singlish, Hinglish), are becoming more common globally.
- These codemeshed Englishes often involve heavy lexical borrowing from English into local languages.
Examining Taglish and Conyo English
- Taglish, a blend of Tagalog and English, is widely used in media, sports commentary, and informal communication.
- It is considered exclusive to the middle and upper classes, reflecting their proficiency in both Tagalog and English.
- Conyo English, a more recent variant, originated from the Spanish term "conyo," which denotes a Spaniard.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the reliability of data concerning Philippine English. This quiz covers the limitations of the ICE-PH corpus and the need for a more inclusive approach to studying English variations in the Philippines. Dive into recent research and understand the implications for representation and diversity.
