Philippine Constitutions Overview
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Questions and Answers

What marked the establishment of the First Philippine Republic?

  • The oath-taking of Emilio Aguinaldo (correct)
  • The reading of the Treaty of Paris
  • The establishment of a military government
  • The signing of the Malolos Constitution
  • What led to the decline of the First Philippine Republic?

  • The establishment of the Commonwealth Government
  • The Philippine-American War (correct)
  • The introduction of the Filipinization Policy
  • The approval of the Philippine Autonomy Act
  • Which law reorganized the government in the Philippines with an American governor-general?

  • Jones Law of 1916 (correct)
  • Malolos Constitution
  • Tydings-McDuffie Act
  • Philippine Autonomy Act
  • Which of the following was not a responsibility of the First Philippine Republic's government?

    <p>Establishment of independence negotiations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred due to the Filipinization Policy?

    <p>Filipinos took over most positions in the government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the initial leaders of the Philippine legislature inaugurated on October 16, 1916?

    <p>Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Quezon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of the Jones Law of 1916?

    <p>It provided resident commissioners to the US (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a landmark event during the establishment of the First Philippine Republic?

    <p>The Barasoain Church oath of office event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the president of the revolutionary government established in March 1897?

    <p>Emilio Aguinaldo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective stated in the preamble of the Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution?

    <p>Separation from the Spanish monarchy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language was designated as the official language in the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

    <p>Tagalog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What body composed the Supreme Council in the Biak-na-Bato Republic?

    <p>President, Vice President, and Secretaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily established by a constitution in a nation?

    <p>Fundamental law and principles of governance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the government structure established by the Philippine Constitution?

    <p>A presidential republic with three branches of government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article range in the Biak-na-Bato Constitution pertains to the Bill of Rights?

    <p>Articles XXII to XXV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event led to the establishment of the Malolos Republic Constitution in 1899?

    <p>Spanish-American War (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a constitutional convention?

    <p>To assemble for framing or amending a constitution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of a constitution?

    <p>It defines individual rights and limits government powers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did the Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution last before being superseded by Aguinaldo's decrees?

    <p>Two years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two individuals were tasked with writing the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

    <p>Isabelo Artacho and Félix Ferrer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sovereignty residing in the people indicate?

    <p>Citizens have the authority to elect and influence their government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of a constitution pertaining to public welfare?

    <p>Establishing rights of citizens for government protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Philippine Constitutions have been framed throughout the country’s history?

    <p>Seven (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the Philippine Constitution indicates its democratic and republican nature?

    <p>Article 2, Section 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred on June 12, 1898, in the Philippines?

    <p>Philippine Independence was declared (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conceived the idea of the Malolos Constitution?

    <p>Apolinario Mabini (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle concerning governance was established by the Malolos Constitution?

    <p>Separation of powers with checks and balances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major issue debated during the creation of the Malolos Constitution?

    <p>The establishment of a state religion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long was the term for the President according to the Malolos Constitution?

    <p>Four years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the first acts of the Malolos Congress?

    <p>Ratifying the Independence declaration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document served as the foundation for the legislative powers in the Malolos Constitution?

    <p>The U.S. Constitution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who submitted the draft of the Malolos Constitution on October 25, 1898?

    <p>Felipe Calderon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary outcome of the Philippine Independent Missions to the US between 1918 and 1932?

    <p>Creation of the Tydings – McDuffie Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred on May 14, 1935, in relation to the constitution?

    <p>The constitution was ratified by Filipinos through a plebiscite. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which provision was NOT included in the features of the 1935 Constitution?

    <p>Legalization of political parties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the only delegate to the convention that expressed concern over the constitution's utility for Mindanao?

    <p>Tomas Cabili (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 1935 Constitution signify for the Philippines after the withdrawal of American sovereignty?

    <p>Transformation into the Republic of the Philippines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the 1935 Constitution serve as the fundamental law of the land?

    <p>1935 to 1972 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect was emphasized in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution?

    <p>Development of the national language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the '10 year transitional period' established by the Philippine Independence Act?

    <p>To facilitate the transfer of power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Philippine Constitution

    The fundamental law of the Philippines, establishing the government's structure and principles, and protecting individual rights.

    Constitution's Purpose

    Establishes a nation's government type, duties of branches, and citizens' rights.

    Constitutional Convention

    A gathering to write, revise, or propose amendments to a constitution.

    Democracy in the Philippines

    The Philippines is a democratic and republican state, with citizens having a say in government decisions, and a presidential form of government.

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    Constitutional Convention Process

    Drafting the constitution, presenting it to the people (plebiscite) for approval, and accepting the results.

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    Sovereignty of the People

    The authority of government comes from the people.

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    Seven Philippine Constitutions

    The Philippines has had seven constitutions throughout its history.

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    Fundamental Law

    The supreme law of a nation or state.

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    Biak-na-Bato Republic

    A provisional revolutionary government established in the Philippines in 1897, during the fight for independence from Spain.

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    Biak-na-Bato Constitution

    The constitution that governed the Biak-na-Bato Republic (1897) setting up a republican form of government, based on the Cuban Constitution.

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    Provisional Constitution

    A temporary constitution or government setup until a more permanent system is put in place.

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    Supreme Council (Biak-na-Bato)

    The governing body, which held sweeping powers within the Biak-na-Bato Republic during its existence.

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    Philippine Revolutionary Government

    The government set up during the fight to overthrow Spanish colonial power.

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    Official Language (Biak-na-Bato)

    Tagalog during the Biak-na-Bato Republic.

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    Spanish-American War (1898)

    Conflict resulting in the defeat of Spain, marking the shift toward Philippine independence.

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    Malolos Constitution

    The constitution that succeeded the Biak-na-Bato Constitution, used after the Spanish-American War.

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    Malolos Congress

    Philippine revolutionary government body that drafted the 1899 Malolos Constitution.

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    Separation of Church and State

    A key principle in the Malolos Constitution; the state is not controlled by religion, and religion isn't involved in state affairs.

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    Presidential Form of Government

    Governmental structure in the Malolos Constitution where the President is elected for a term.

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    Bill of Rights

    Protects fundamental rights of citizens and foreigners; found in Articles XIX- XXIII of the Malolos Constitution.

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    Apolinario Mabini

    Adviser to the President of the Malolos Congress, opposed the premature creation of a constitution

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    Philippine Independence Declaration

    Declared on June 12th, followed by the formation of the Malolos Congress.

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    Legislative supremacy

    The Malolos Constitution placed supreme power in the legislative body (Congress) to select the president and other officials.

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    First Philippine Republic

    The first democratic government in the Philippines, established in 1899 under Emilio Aguinaldo, lasting until the beginning of the Philippine-American War.

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    Jones Law (1916)

    A US law granting the Philippines greater autonomy, providing an all-Filipino legislature and a pathway to independence.

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    Council of State

    An advisory body for the American governor-general in the Philippines, established under the Jones Law.

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    Filipinization Policy

    The US initiative to gradually transfer government power to Filipinos, replacing American officials with Filipino counterparts.

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    Philippine Assembly (1907)

    The first Filipino legislature established by the US, marking the initial step towards Filipino participation in government.

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    Philippine Autonomy Act

    Another name for the Jones Law, emphasizing its goal of granting the Philippines more self-governance.

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    Resident Commissioners (Jones Law)

    Two Filipino representatives sent to the US Congress under the Jones Law, allowing observation of American political processes.

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    Tydings-McDuffie Law

    A US law passed in 1934 that outlined a 10-year transition period for the Philippines towards independence from American rule.

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    1935 Constitution

    The constitution that established the Commonwealth of the Philippines, setting the framework for a self-governing nation. It was in effect from 1935 to 1972.

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    Commonwealth of the Philippines

    The period between 1935 and 1946 when the Philippines was transitioning to independence, with a self-governing government under American supervision.

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    What did the 1935 Constitution highlight?

    The 1935 Constitution defined the powers and duties of the three branches of government, established the General Auditing Office, and laid down the framework for a national civil service system.

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    What are some key rights included in the 1935 Constitution?

    It included a Bill of Rights, provisions for women's suffrage, and provisions for their participation in politics.

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    What was the purpose of creating a Philippine Armed Forces?

    The 1935 Constitution established the Philippine Armed Forces for the purpose of national defense.

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    What is the national language of the Philippines?

    The 1935 Constitution focused on the development of the national language, which is Filipino.

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    What was the main concern of Tomas Cabili with the 1935 Constitution?

    Tomas Cabili was the only delegate who voiced his concern that the constitution did not adequately address the needs of the people of Mindanao.

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    Study Notes

    Philippine Constitutions

    • The Philippine Constitution has been established at least seven times throughout the nation's history.
    • The Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution (1897) was a response to a Philippine Revolution stalemate that resulted in Emilio Aguinaldo fleeing to San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan.
    • The Malolos Constitution (1899) commenced after the Spanish-American War and the declaration of Philippine independence. It was debated in the Barasoain Church. The constitution was ratified by the Malolos Congress, and forwarded to Aguinaldo for approval.
    • The 1935 Constitution set the fundamental law of the land from 1935-1972. It established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and established that once American sovereignty was withdrawn, the commonwealth would transition to the Republic of the Philippines.
    • The 1973 Constitution was established during the Marcos Dictatorship.
    • The 1987 Constitution officially marked a new era.

    Review of Rizal's Retraction Document

    • Key figures mentioned include Father Vicente Balaguer, Father Pio Pi, Rafael Palma, and Austin Coates.
    • Their roles related to the analysis of Rizal's Retraction Document are noted.

    Objectives of Discussing the Constitution

    • Students will understand the significance of a constitution in a nation.
    • Students will be able to trace the development of the Philippine Constitution.
    • Students will learn the significant features and provisions of the seven Constitutions.

    What is a Constitution?

    • A constitution is the fundamental law of a nation or state.
    • It defines the basic principles of the government.
    • It establishes the rules and principles used to manage organizations.
    • It protects individual rights and limits government power.
    • It's considered the highest expression of the law.

    Purposes of the Constitution

    • It defines the type of government in the state. Democracy empowers citizens equally in decisions affecting their lives.
    • It creates the different departments of government, defining their roles and responsibilities.
    • The Constitution is the source of the government's sovereign power.
    • It ensures the rights of the people and the protection of public welfare through the obligations of the government.

    Constitutional Convention

    • It's a gathering to draft, revise, or propose amendments to a constitution.
    • A plebiscite is held to ratify the proposed constitution.
    • The results are then followed by the government.

    Questions About the Constitution

    • Students are asked to consider why the constitution is the highest expression of the law.
    • Students will examine how constitutions are created.
    • Students will discuss the significance of the constitution from a national perspective.

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    Description

    Explore the history and significance of various Philippine Constitutions, from the Biak-na-Bato Republic in 1897 to the contemporary 1987 Constitution. This quiz will cover key events and processes involved in the establishment of each constitution throughout the country's struggle for independence and democracy.

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