Philippine Constitution Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the highest law of the land in the Philippines?

Philippine Constitution

The current Philippine Constitution is the only constitution the Philippines has ever had.

False (B)

How does the Philippine Constitution ensure that the government operates within limits preventing authoritarianism?

Constitutionalism

The most significant document in the evolution of the Constitution is considered to be the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which of these early Filipino constitutional efforts included Emilio Jacinto's Katipunan Code, the Biak-na-Bato Constitution, and the Malolos Constitution?

<p>None of the above (D)</p>
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Who believed that while the outward form of the Constitution might change, its inner spirit of nationalism would endure?

<p>Felipe Calderon</p>
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What was the name of the provisional constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Philippine Revolution, which was promulgated by the Philippine Revolutionary Government on November 1, 1897?

<p>Constitution of Biak-na-Bato</p>
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The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was written in English.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the role of a constitution in a country?

<p>A constitution is the fundamental law of a country. It establishes the foundations of the country's governance, defining relationships between individuals and the community. It also sets limits on government authority and protects citizens' rights.</p>
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What is the difference between "constitution" and "constitutionalism"?

<p>While both terms are related, a &quot;constitution&quot; establishes the country's governance, while &quot;constitutionalism&quot; emphasizes limiting government power to protect individual and collective rights.</p>
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Which year was the current Philippine Constitution put into place?

<p>1987</p>
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Which of these are NOT mentioned as major constitutions that governed the Philippines prior to the current one?

<p>1991 Provisional Constitution (A)</p>
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What impact did the Constitution have on the development of Filipino liberalism and nationalism?

<p>The Constitution played a key role in the rise of Filipino liberalism and nationalism, according to Malcolm (1920).</p>
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The historical roots of the Philippine Constitution are solely rooted in the constitutions of Spain and the United States.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What are some examples of early Filipino constitutional efforts?

<p>Some examples include Emilio Jacinto's Katipunan code, the Biak-na-Bato Constitution by Isabelo Artacho, Apolinario Mabini's Constitutional Program, and the Malolos Constitution, primarily authored by Felipe Calderon.</p>
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What document was the basis for the Malolos Constitution?

<p>The Spanish Constitution (C)</p>
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When was the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato promulgated?

<p>November 1, 1897</p>
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The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was the first Filipino republican constitution.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What were the main principles upheld by the Malolos Constitution?

<p>The Malolos Constitution upheld sovereignty of the people, separation of Church and State, and recognition of freedom and equality of all beliefs.</p>
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Flashcards

Philippine Constitution

The fundamental law that organizes government in the Philippines and limits its power.

Constitutionalism

The principle that limits government power to protect individual rights.

1987 Constitution

The current Philippine Constitution, the highest law of the land.

1935 Commonwealth Constitution

A previous constitution, preceding the 1987 constitution.

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1973 Constitution

A previous constitution that came before the 1987 constitution.

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1986 Freedom Constitution

A significant constitution that came before the 1987 constitution.

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Biak-na-Bato Constitution

A provisional constitution of the Philippine Republic from 1897.

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Katipunan code

An early Filipino constitutional effort during their fight for independence.

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Biak-na-Bato Constitution

A provisional constitution of the Philippine Republic.

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Malolos Constitution

An early Filipino constitution, based on the Spanish Constitution, but shaped by Filipino nationalism.

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Emilio Jacinto's Katipunan code

An early Filipino attempt at a fundamental governing document.

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Apolinario Mabini's Constitutional Program

Early attempt at a constitution, shaped by Filipino nationalism.

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What is a constitution?

The fundamental law that organizes government structures and sets limits on government authority.

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What is constitutionalism?

The principle of limiting government power to protect individual and collective rights.

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Constitution vs. Constitutionalism

A constitution is the actual document, while constitutionalism is the idea of limiting government power.

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What is the highest law in the Philippines?

The 1987 Constitution is the highest law in the Philippines.

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How many constitutions has the Philippines had?

The Philippines has had four major constitutions: 1935, 1973, 1986, and the current 1987 Constitution.

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Early Filipino constitutional efforts

Filipinos had made several attempts to create constitutions before the 1935 constitution, during their fight for independence.

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What were some examples of early Filipino constitutional efforts?

Examples include Emilio Jacinto's Katipunan code, the Biak-na-Bato Constitution, Apolinario Mabini's Constitutional Program, and the Malolos Constitution.

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Influence on the Philippine Constitution

The constitutions of Spain and the United States had a big influence on the Philippine Constitution.

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Filipino nationalism in the Constitution

Filipino nationalism shaped the Philippine Constitution, rejecting foreign elements incompatible with Filipino ideals.

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What was the aim of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

It aimed to establish a government with three bodies: Supreme Council, Council of Grace and Justice, and Assembly of Representatives.

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Why was the Biak-na-Bato Constitution not fully enforced?

The signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, a truce between the Spanish and Filipino revolutionaries, prevented its full implementation.

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When was the Malolos Constitution approved?

It was approved on November 29, 1898, and promulgated by Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.

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What did the Malolos Constitution establish?

It established the First Philippine Republic, with a president, a legislature, and a judiciary.

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What influenced the Malolos Constitution?

It was influenced by the Spanish Constitution of 1812, as well as constitutions of Belgium, Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and the French Constitution of 1793.

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What happened after the Malolos Constitution?

After the US defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War, the First Philippine Republic was overthrown by the US.

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Influence of early Filipino constitutions

Even though these early constitutions were not successful in the long run, they show Filipinos' desire for self-governance and helped shape future constitutions.

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Study Notes

Philippine Constitution

  • The Philippine Constitution is the fundamental law, organizing government and protecting citizens' rights.
  • Constitutionalism limits government power, preventing authoritarianism.
  • The current Constitution, adopted in 1987, is the highest law of the land.
  • It followed previous constitutions (1935, 1973, 1986).
  • Early attempts to create constitutions occurred during the fight for independence.
  • Malcolm (1920) noted the Constitution's role in Filipino liberalism and nationalism.
  • Filipinos adapted Spanish and US constitutional influences into their indigenous customs, while preserving their own ideals.
  • Early Filipino constitutional efforts include Jacinto's Katipunan code, the Biak-na-Bato Constitution, Mabini's program, and the Malolos Constitution.
  • While the documents were based on Spanish models, Filipino nationalism ultimately shaped the Constitution, rejecting incompatible elements.

Evolution of the Philippine Constitution

  • The 1897 Biak-na-Bato Constitution was a provisional constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Revolution.
  • It was promulgated by the Revolutionary Government on November 1, 1897.
  • The Constitution was based on Cuba's constitution, written in Spanish by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer, and later translated into Tagalog.

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