PHBS - 301 Introduction to Pharmacology

Questions and Answers

What is one of the learning outcomes for students in the pharmacology lecture?

List all medications used throughout history

Understand the basic foundation of pharmacological sciences (correct)

Explain the chemistry behind drug compounds

Identify the historical figures in pharmacology

When was the term 'pharmacology' first used in print?

In the seventeenth century (correct)

In the 18th century

In the early 20th century

In the 19th century

Which of the following best describes a factor that influences drug compliance?

Drug classification

Patient education and communication (correct)

Dosage adjustments

Therapeutic indication

What core principle is NOT included in the basic principles of drug use outlined in the lecture?

Drug side effects Signup and view all the answers

At what point in history is the science of pharmacology believed to have originated?

10,000–7,000 B.C. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pharmacology' specifically refer to?

The knowledge of drugs and their effects on living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary focus of medical pharmacology?

The diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases using drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between pharmacology and toxicology?

Pharmacology addresses drug benefits, while toxicology studies adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is NOT a basic concept of pharmacology?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pharmacology, what does the term 'pharmacodynamics' refer to?

The analysis of the effects of drugs on biological systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture Overview

Basic foundation of pharmacological sciences is essential for understanding drug use in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Key aspects include drug names, sources, classifications, doses, and routes of administration.

Historical Context of Pharmacology

Pharmacology may date back to 10,000–7,000 B.C.
The term "pharmacology" first used in the seventeenth century by figures such as Bernhard Naunyn, Rudolf Buchheim, and Johann Ernst Oswald Schmiedeberg.

Definition of Pharmacology

Derived from Greek "pharmakon" (drug) and "logia" (knowledge).
Defined as the study of drug effects on living organisms, including actions, clinical uses, mechanisms, side effects, and the fate of drugs.

Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Medical pharmacology focuses on drugs for diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases.
Toxicology examines undesirable effects of chemicals; it's a subfield of pharmacology.
Main goals: provide solid grounding in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism, and drug interactions.

Principles of Pharmacology

Drugs modify existing body functions rather than create new ones.
No drug acts with a single action; multiple effects expected.
Drug action determined by the interaction with the body; can alter body fluids, cell membranes, or act via specific receptors.

Properties of an Ideal Drug

Reversible Action: Effects should subside within a specific time.
Predictability: Responses to drugs should be anticipatable.
Ease of Administration: Should minimize dosing frequency.
Freedom from Drug Interactions: No adverse effects from simultaneous drug use.
Low Cost: Affordable options are crucial for chronic conditions.
Chemical Stability: Drugs should retain effectiveness during storage.
Simple Generic Name: Names should be easy to remember and pronounce.

Pharmacokinetic Processes (ADME)

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion govern how drugs reach their target sites and their overall effectiveness.

Pharmacodynamics

Once the drug is at the site of action, binding to specific receptors initiates a sequence leading to the desired response.

Factors Influencing Drug Response

Individual variation affects drug responses based on age, sex, weight, kidney and liver functions, and genetic differences.
Patient uniqueness necessitates personalized approaches to drug therapy.

Future Directions in Pharmacology

Ongoing advancements being made in areas like CAR T cell therapy highlight the evolving landscape and potential for innovative treatments.

Description

This quiz covers the basic foundations of pharmacological sciences, delving into the principles of drug use. Students will explore critical concepts that establish the groundwork for understanding pharmacology. Prepare to test your knowledge on fundamental pharmacology concepts as you engage with this material.