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Questions and Answers
What is a primary advantage of solution dosage forms compared to tablets and capsules?
What is a primary advantage of solution dosage forms compared to tablets and capsules?
Which of the following is an example of an aqueous solution preparation?
Which of the following is an example of an aqueous solution preparation?
What is a disadvantage of solution dosage forms?
What is a disadvantage of solution dosage forms?
Which of the following classifications does NOT belong to liquid dosage forms?
Which of the following classifications does NOT belong to liquid dosage forms?
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What characteristic of aqueous solutions makes them suitable for medicinal ingredient delivery?
What characteristic of aqueous solutions makes them suitable for medicinal ingredient delivery?
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What type of syrup consists solely of sugar in purified water?
What type of syrup consists solely of sugar in purified water?
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Which of the following is an example of an aqueous solution used for cleansing or antiseptic purposes?
Which of the following is an example of an aqueous solution used for cleansing or antiseptic purposes?
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What is the primary purpose of gargles?
What is the primary purpose of gargles?
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Which type of solution is specifically used for topical administration in the ear?
Which type of solution is specifically used for topical administration in the ear?
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Elixirs are characterized by which of the following?
Elixirs are characterized by which of the following?
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Study Notes
Pharmacy Orientation
- Course code: PT101
- Credit hours: 1
- Number of lectures: 6
- Department: Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology
Introduction to Different Dosage Forms
- Images of various dosage forms (pills, capsules, liquid medication, etc.)
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
- Definition: Dosage forms are the forms in which a drug is taken by patients (tablets, capsules, injections).
Dosage Forms Classification
-
Liquid Dosage Forms:
- Solutions
- Suspensions
- Emulsions
-
Solid Dosage Forms:
- Tablets
- Capsules
-
Semisolid Dosage Forms:
- Ointment
- Cream
- Paste
- Gel
-
Molded Dosage Forms:
- Suppositories
- Pessaries
-
Sterile Dosage Forms:
- Injections
- Ophthalmics
Liquid Dosage Forms: Solutions
- Description: Preparations where solute particles (solid, liquid, gas) are dispersed in a liquid solvent.
- Uses: For internal or external therapeutic effects.
-
Classification: Based on the vehicle:
- Aqueous (water-based)
- Non-aqueous (other solvents)
Liquid Dosage Forms: Solutions (Advantages)
- Faster therapeutic effect compared to tablets/capsules
- Easy administration, especially to children and the elderly
- Uniform dose delivery (no shaking is needed)
Liquid Dosage Forms: Solutions (Disadvantages)
- Bulky for transportation/storage
- Less stable compared to solid forms (potential for hydrolysis and oxidation)
- Difficult to mask unpleasant taste/odour
Aqueous Solutions:
- Description: Liquid preparations with one or more soluble chemical substances dissolved in water.
- Uses: Vehicle or solvent for medicinal ingredients.
- Advantages: Tasteless, odourless, non-irritating.
-
Examples:
- Aromatic water (medicated water, e.g., peppermint)
- Syrups (sweet, viscous solutions of sugar or other sweetening agents in water, with or without flavorings)
- Douches (used for cleansing or antiseptics of body parts)
- Enemas (rectal injections for bowel evacuation)
- Gargles (aqueous solutions with antiseptics/antibiotics/anesthetics to treat the pharynx/nasopharynx)
- Mouthwashes (aqueous solutions with antibiotics and flavouring to prevent plaque/dental caries)
- Nasal Solutions (for reducing nasal congestion)
- Otic Solutions (for topical administration in the ear)
Non-aqueous Solutions
- Description: Solutions containing minor quantities of toxic solvents (benzene, acetone etc).
-
Types:
- External products: methanol, isopropanol, PEG, ethers.
- Internal products: ethanol, glycol, oils.
-
Examples:
- Elixirs (pleasant, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids for oral use), containing ethanol and water; often glycerin and sorbitol.
- Spirits (hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances, 50-90% alcohol)
Liquid Dosage Forms: Suspensions
- Description: Two-phase system: insoluble solid dispersed in a liquid (oil or water).
-
Properties of a good suspension:
- Settling should be slow and redispersion easy after shaking
- Particles should not cake
- Viscosity suitable for pouring
- Chemical stability and appealing appearance
-
Components:
- Drug
- Liquid vehicle (usually water)
- Wetting agents
- Flocculating agents
- Suspending agents
- pH adjusting agents (buffers)
- Flavoring agents
- Sweeteners
- Preservatives
Liquid Dosage Forms: Suspensions (Advantages)
- Used for insoluble drugs
- Improve taste of medication
- Used when the drug is unstable in aqueous solutions
Liquid Dosage Forms: Emulsions
- Description: Two immiscible liquids (oil and water) combined with an emulsifying agent; dispersed uniformly.
-
Types:
- Oil-in-water (O/W) - oil dispersed in water
- Water-in-oil (W/O) - water dispersed in oil
-
Components:
- Internal phase (solute)
- External phase (dispersion medium)
- Emulsifying agent
Liquid Dosage Forms: Emulsions (Advantages)
- Mask unpleasant taste/odor of drugs
- Improve drug solubility
- Prolong the action of the drug
Liquid Dosage Forms: Emulsions (Disadvantages)
- Physical instability due to coalescence of dispersed globules
- Creaming or cracking of emulsion
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Description
This quiz covers the various dosage forms in pharmacy, including solids, liquids, and semisolids. Understand the classifications and specific characteristics of each form, and how they are utilized in patient care. Perfect for students in Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology.
