Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between local and systemic effects of medication?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of solid oral dosage forms?
Which of the following describes monophasic dosage forms?
What is a potential disadvantage of parenteral drug administration?
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Which route of administration is commonly associated with systemic effects?
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Which of the following does NOT directly relate to the formulation types of medicines?
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What is a key advantage of using pharmaceutical technology in medication formulation?
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Polyphasic dosage forms are characterized by which of the following?
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What is a primary advantage of parenteral drug administration?
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Which formulation is not suitable for intravascular administration?
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Which parenteral administration route is typically used for delivering medication directly to the central nervous system?
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What is a critical consideration when preparing parenteral medications?
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Which is NOT a commonly used route for parenteral medication administration?
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What disadvantage is associated with the use of oily solutions in parenteral drugs?
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What is the primary effect of ophthalmic preparations when applied to the eye?
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What critical characteristic must ophthalmic preparations maintain to ensure safety?
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Which of the following is true about rectal dosage forms?
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Which factor does NOT affect systemic absorption of rectal preparations?
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What is the essential requirement for the formulation of suppositories?
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Which characteristic is NOT a consideration for ophthalmic preparations?
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Why is sterilization crucial for ophthalmic preparations?
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What formulation type includes enema and suppository forms for rectal administration?
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Study Notes
Dosage Forms Overview
- Dosage forms serve as drug delivery systems, facilitating the release and delivery of medication to achieve therapeutic effects.
- They are tailored to patient needs regarding palatability, convenience, and safety.
- Advancement in pharmaceutical technology focuses on enhancing the quality, safety, and effectiveness of medications.
Classification of Dosage Forms
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Based on Physical Form:
- Solid
- Semi-solid
- Liquid
- Gaseous
- Effects: Local vs. systemic
- Administration Sites: Internal and external
- Routes of Administration: Various methods to deliver drugs into the body.
Dosage Forms by Microscopic Structure
- Monophasic Dosage Forms: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and excipients dissolved in a single base/solvent (e.g., true solutions).
- Polyphasic Dosage Forms: Contain two or more distinct phases (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, colloidal systems).
Solid Oral Dosage Forms
- Typically swallowed for active substance release within the digestive tract, mainly for systemic effects.
- Can be presented as powders, granules, tablets, or hard capsules.
- Soft gelatin capsules contain liquid fillings for specific formulations.
Ophthalmic Preparations
- Include liquids (eye lotions, drops), semi-solid (ointments, creams, gels), and solids (inserts, drug-eluting contact lenses).
- Require external application to eyes, primarily providing local effects while minimizing systemic side effects.
- Sterility, isotonicity, pH, and viscosity are critical parameters for preparation.
Rectal Preparations
- Forms include liquids (enemas), semi-solids (ointments, creams, foams), and solids (suppositories, tampons).
- Suitable for both systemic and local effects, often used for gastrointestinal or anorectal disorders, constipation, and diagnostic purposes.
- Effectiveness depends on dosage form choice, excipients, API properties, and particle size to ensure proper release.
Common Parenteral Administration Routes
- Intravenous (IV)
- Subcutaneous (SC)
- Intracutaneous/Intradermal (ID)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Specialized routes include intrathecal, epidural, intraocular, intravitreal, intraarticular, and intracardiac administration.
Parenteral Medicine Characteristics
- Typically formulated as liquids (solutions, emulsions, suspensions) or solids (implants).
- Only aqueous solutions and microemulsions (oil/water with particles < 1µm) may be given intravascularly.
- Suspensions and oily solutions have limited administration routes (IM, SC) and volume restrictions for infusions.
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Description
This quiz covers an overview of dosage forms used in pharmaceuticals, discussing their classifications based on physical form, effects, administration sites, and routes. Additionally, it delves into the microscopic structure of dosage forms, including monophasic and polyphasic systems. Enhance your understanding of how these forms improve drug delivery.