Dosage Forms Overview and Classification

Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between local and systemic effects of medication?

Local effects are always less effective than systemic effects.

Local effects target a specific area, while systemic effects affect the entire body. (correct)

Systemic effects typically have fewer side effects compared to local effects.

Local effects are only achieved through gaseous dosage forms.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of solid oral dosage forms?

They may also be processed into powders or hard capsules.

They are usually swallowed to release the active substance.

They can only exist as tablets. (correct)

They provide mainly systemic effects.

Which of the following describes monophasic dosage forms?

Contains multiple visible phases.

API/s and excipients are suspended in a base.

Must be administered intravenously for effectiveness.

API/s and excipients are dissolved in a single base or solvent. (correct)

What is a potential disadvantage of parenteral drug administration?

It often requires specialized administration techniques. Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is commonly associated with systemic effects?

Intravenous injection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT directly relate to the formulation types of medicines?

The color of the packaging material Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using pharmaceutical technology in medication formulation?

Better meeting of patient’s needs Signup and view all the answers

Polyphasic dosage forms are characterized by which of the following?

Multiple separate phases with distinct properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of parenteral drug administration?

Rapid onset of action Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation is not suitable for intravascular administration?

Oily solutions Signup and view all the answers

Which parenteral administration route is typically used for delivering medication directly to the central nervous system?

Intrathecal Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when preparing parenteral medications?

Ensuring isotonicity Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a commonly used route for parenteral medication administration?

Intranasal Signup and view all the answers

What disadvantage is associated with the use of oily solutions in parenteral drugs?

Limitations in administration routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of ophthalmic preparations when applied to the eye?

Local effect only Signup and view all the answers

What critical characteristic must ophthalmic preparations maintain to ensure safety?

Must be isotonic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about rectal dosage forms?

Can provide either local or systemic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect systemic absorption of rectal preparations?

Time of administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential requirement for the formulation of suppositories?

Must melt or dissolve to release API Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a consideration for ophthalmic preparations?

Taste Signup and view all the answers

Why is sterilization crucial for ophthalmic preparations?

To minimize the risk of infections Signup and view all the answers

What formulation type includes enema and suppository forms for rectal administration?

All dosage forms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dosage Forms Overview

Dosage forms serve as drug delivery systems, facilitating the release and delivery of medication to achieve therapeutic effects.
They are tailored to patient needs regarding palatability, convenience, and safety.
Advancement in pharmaceutical technology focuses on enhancing the quality, safety, and effectiveness of medications.

Classification of Dosage Forms

Based on Physical Form:
- Solid
- Semi-solid
- Liquid
- Gaseous
Effects: Local vs. systemic
Administration Sites: Internal and external
Routes of Administration: Various methods to deliver drugs into the body.

Dosage Forms by Microscopic Structure

Monophasic Dosage Forms: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and excipients dissolved in a single base/solvent (e.g., true solutions).
Polyphasic Dosage Forms: Contain two or more distinct phases (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, colloidal systems).

Solid Oral Dosage Forms

Typically swallowed for active substance release within the digestive tract, mainly for systemic effects.
Can be presented as powders, granules, tablets, or hard capsules.
Soft gelatin capsules contain liquid fillings for specific formulations.

Ophthalmic Preparations

Include liquids (eye lotions, drops), semi-solid (ointments, creams, gels), and solids (inserts, drug-eluting contact lenses).
Require external application to eyes, primarily providing local effects while minimizing systemic side effects.
Sterility, isotonicity, pH, and viscosity are critical parameters for preparation.

Rectal Preparations

Forms include liquids (enemas), semi-solids (ointments, creams, foams), and solids (suppositories, tampons).
Suitable for both systemic and local effects, often used for gastrointestinal or anorectal disorders, constipation, and diagnostic purposes.
Effectiveness depends on dosage form choice, excipients, API properties, and particle size to ensure proper release.

Common Parenteral Administration Routes

Intravenous (IV)
Subcutaneous (SC)
Intracutaneous/Intradermal (ID)
Intramuscular (IM)
Specialized routes include intrathecal, epidural, intraocular, intravitreal, intraarticular, and intracardiac administration.

Parenteral Medicine Characteristics

Typically formulated as liquids (solutions, emulsions, suspensions) or solids (implants).
Only aqueous solutions and microemulsions (oil/water with particles < 1µm) may be given intravascularly.
Suspensions and oily solutions have limited administration routes (IM, SC) and volume restrictions for infusions.

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Description

This quiz covers an overview of dosage forms used in pharmaceuticals, discussing their classifications based on physical form, effects, administration sites, and routes. Additionally, it delves into the microscopic structure of dosage forms, including monophasic and polyphasic systems. Enhance your understanding of how these forms improve drug delivery.