Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes the volume relation between the dispersion medium and the dispersed phase?
What characterizes the volume relation between the dispersion medium and the dispersed phase?
In a starch solution, which component is classified as the dispersed phase?
In a starch solution, which component is classified as the dispersed phase?
Which of the following correctly describes an example of a dispersed phase?
Which of the following correctly describes an example of a dispersed phase?
What role does water play in a starch solution?
What role does water play in a starch solution?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the nature of the continuous phase in a dispersion?
Which statement accurately reflects the nature of the continuous phase in a dispersion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a molecular dispersion?
Which of the following is an example of a molecular dispersion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the size range for particles in colloidal dispersions?
What is the size range for particles in colloidal dispersions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these options does NOT describe a colloidal dispersion?
Which of these options does NOT describe a colloidal dispersion?
Signup and view all the answers
Air is classified as a molecular dispersion primarily because it is composed of:
Air is classified as a molecular dispersion primarily because it is composed of:
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential challenge for certain patient populations regarding traditional solid dosage forms?
What is a potential challenge for certain patient populations regarding traditional solid dosage forms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of drug solutions?
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of drug solutions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following systems is classified as a micro-heterogeneous dispersed system?
Which of the following systems is classified as a micro-heterogeneous dispersed system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common issue associated with drug solutions compared to solid dosage forms?
What is a common issue associated with drug solutions compared to solid dosage forms?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of patient administration, which population is explicitly mentioned as potentially struggling with solid dosage forms?
In terms of patient administration, which population is explicitly mentioned as potentially struggling with solid dosage forms?
Signup and view all the answers
What factors can reduce the stability of drugs in solution?
What factors can reduce the stability of drugs in solution?
Signup and view all the answers
What are tinctures primarily composed of?
What are tinctures primarily composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of injections compared to other solutions?
What is a characteristic of injections compared to other solutions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a hydroalcoholic solvent?
Which of the following best describes a hydroalcoholic solvent?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are certain solutions classified as injections?
Why are certain solutions classified as injections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of preparation is NOT characteristic of tinctures?
Which type of preparation is NOT characteristic of tinctures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a lyophilic dispersion?
What is an example of a lyophilic dispersion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a lyophobic dispersion?
Which of the following describes a lyophobic dispersion?
Signup and view all the answers
In the classification of dispersion systems, which is NOT a characteristic of lyophilic dispersions?
In the classification of dispersion systems, which is NOT a characteristic of lyophilic dispersions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following could be a characteristic of a lyophobic dispersion?
Which of the following could be a characteristic of a lyophobic dispersion?
Signup and view all the answers
What will happen to the particles in a suspension if left undisturbed for a long period?
What will happen to the particles in a suspension if left undisturbed for a long period?
Signup and view all the answers
How do suspensions differ from solutions in terms of particle behavior over time?
How do suspensions differ from solutions in terms of particle behavior over time?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a characteristic of suspensions compared to colloids?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of suspensions compared to colloids?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of mixture can you expect the particles to settle under gravitational forces?
In which type of mixture can you expect the particles to settle under gravitational forces?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to suspended particles when a suspension is allowed to stand undisturbed?
What happens to suspended particles when a suspension is allowed to stand undisturbed?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pharmaceutical Technology I (Dispersed Systems and Solutions) - LEC 1
- Course: College of Pharmacy, 3rd Stage
- Lecturer: Hanan Hasan
- Year: 2024
- Textbook: Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Tenth Edition
Introduction to Pharmaceutics
- Pharmaceutics converts a drug into a medicine
- It involves the science and technology of designing and manufacturing dosage forms
- Includes physical pharmaceutics (drug properties), biopharmaceutics (therapeutic considerations), dosage form design, and manufacturing on small (compounding) or large (industrial) scales
Pharmaceutical Preparations
- Pharmaceutical preparations (medicines) must be elegant, safe, stable, palatable, and therapeutically effective.
Dispersed Systems
- Dispersed systems are biphasic, meaning they consist of two phases: a dispersed phase (internal phase) and a continuous phase (external phase or vehicle).
- The continuous phase volume is greater than the dispersed phase volume.
- Examples of dispersed phases include dust in air, starch in water. Dispersed phase is what's inside.
- Dispersed phase and continuous phase can be solids, liquids, or gases. Examples include suspensions, emulsions, and aerosols.
- Internal/external phase examples: Solids, liquids, or gases e.g. Suspensions, emulsions, or aerosols.
Classification of Dispersed Systems (by particle size)
- Molecular dispersion: particle size < 1nm (e.g., solutions)
- Colloidal dispersion: particle size 1nm to 0.5μm (e.g., gels)
- Coarse dispersion: particle size > 0.5μm (e.g., suspensions)
Classification of Dispersed Systems (by interaction between phases)
- Lyophilic dispersion: solvent-like interaction (e.g., sugar in water, starch in water), very stable.
- Lyophobic dispersion: solvent-hating interaction (e.g., benzene with water, oil with water), less stable.
Classification of Disperse Systems (by Physical State)
- Systems categorized based on whether the continuous and dispersed phases are solid, liquid, or gas
- Solid suspensions, Solid emulsions, Suspensions, Emulsions
- Solid foam, Foams, Aerosols
- Examples of dispersed systems given e.g. smoke, dust, aerosols, gels, suspensions, emulsions, tincture, elixirs
Examples of Dispersed Systems
- Solutions: homogeneous mixture; particles do not settle
- Suspensions: heterogeneous mixture; particles settle out
Types of Solutions (by administration)
- Oral solutions
- Otic solutions
- Ophthalmic solutions
- Nasal solutions (e.g., normal saline nasal drops)
- Topical solutions
Advantages of Solutions
- Immediate drug availability for absorption
- Flexible dosing
- Can be designed for various absorption routes (oral, parenteral, topical, etc.)
- Facilitate swallowing (e.g., for infants or elderly)
Disadvantages of Solutions
- Reduced drug stability (solvolysis, hydrolysis, oxidation)
- Difficult to mask unpleasant tastes
- Bulky and prone to breakages
- Requires precise measurement for administration
- Some drugs are poorly soluble
Types of Solutions (by composition/use)
- Syrups (aqueous solution containing sugar)
- Elixirs (sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions)
- Spirits (solutions of aromatic materials in alcohol or aromatic water)
- Tinctures/fluid extracts (solutions prepared by extracting active constituents from crude drugs)
- Injections (sterile and pyrogen-free solutions for parenteral administration)
Types of Solutions (by physical state)
- Solid in liquid
- Liquid in liquid
- Gas in liquid (e.g., ammonia solution)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the first lecture of Pharmaceutical Technology I, focusing on dispersed systems and solutions. It incorporates principles from Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Prepare to explore the critical aspects of drug formulation and delivery systems in pharmacy.
