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Questions and Answers
What hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and causes uterus contractions during and after delivery?
Which medication is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
What is the primary use of sulfasalazine?
Which medication is classified as a bisphosphonate?
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What is the function of methylnaltrexone?
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What is the expected onset of action for the antacid?
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Which medication can cause fetal malformation if taken in excess during pregnancy?
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Which drug requires you to remain upright for 30 minutes after taking it?
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What is a common risk associated with the use of St John Wart?
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What is the primary use of misoprostol?
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Which medication is contraindicated in patients with venous thromboembolism?
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What is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of PPIs?
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What monitoring is required when administering TPN?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for hormone replacement therapy?
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Which symptom is associated with early magnesium sulfate overdose?
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What is the black box warning for terbutaline when used during pregnancy?
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What condition is sildenafil primarily used to treat?
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What is the first line treatment for constipation that may take several days to act?
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Which vitamin deficiency can pregnancy and alcohol abuse contribute to?
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Which medication treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and decreases nocturia?
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Which medication's effectiveness is reduced by antibiotics and certain other drugs?
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What serious adverse effect is associated with sildenafil?
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Study Notes
Hormone and Treatment Overview
- Oxytocin: A pituitary hormone that induces uterine smooth muscle contractions, administered during labor and post-delivery to prevent hemorrhaging. Common side effect is rapid, painful contractions.
- Finasteride: Treats Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) by alleviating symptoms like nocturia. Side effects include sexual dysfunction and impaired fertility.
- Sulfasalazine: Used for ulcerative colitis; associated with hepatotoxicity. Caution advised in patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment.
- Orlistat: Prescribed for weight management and obesity treatment.
- Emergency Contraception: Medication choice depends on time since intercourse occurred.
- Methylnaltrexone: Treats chronic constipation in advanced cancer patients on opioids.
Acid Relief and Inflammatory Drugs
- Antacids: Onset of action is 20-40 minutes; absorbance impacted if taken with other medications. Provides temporary heartburn relief by neutralizing acid.
- DMARDs: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs slow disease progression and reduce inflammation. Increased risk of infections and hepatic fibrosis.
- 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Prevent conversion of testosterone and shrink enlarged prostate.
- Vitamin A: Safe in recommended doses during pregnancy, but excessive intake can cause fetal malformations.
- Alendronate: A bisphosphonate that can cause esophageal ulceration. Requires full glass of water intake and must remain upright for 30 minutes post-ingestion.
Obstetric Medications and Nutrition
- Magnesium Sulfate: Used to delay preterm labor but can cause sedation and respiratory effects. Early overdose symptoms include confusion and decreased reflexes.
- Bismuth Subsalicylate: Binds to and eliminates toxins from the body.
- Terbutaline: Used for preterm labor with a black box warning for prolonged use; can adversely affect the fetus.
Sexual Health and Contraceptives
- Sildenafil: Treats erectile dysfunction; contraindicated with nitrates due to hypotension risk. May cause priapism.
- Stool Softeners: Increase water and fat absorption in stools.
- Psyllium Mucilloid: First-line treatment for constipation, requires increased fluids, and may take several days to be effective.
- Folic Acid: Deficiency can occur due to pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption disorders.
Medication Effects and Interactions
- H2 Receptor Antagonists: Treats and prevents duodenal ulcers but do not affect acid production.
- Oral Contraceptives: Effectiveness reduced by certain antibiotics and antifungal medications. Increased thrombolytic risk.
- Testosterone: Can cause virilization from secondary exposure; used in palliative care for breast cancer to reduce tumor size.
- Conjugated Estrogens: Associated with increased blood clots and DVT risk; contraindicated in abnormal uterine bleeding.
- Tamsulosin: Specifically addresses BPH and nocturia.
Additional Important Medications
- Norethindrone: Taken consistently for efficacy; side effect includes photosensitivity.
- Sucralfate: Coats and heals gastric erosions without affecting acid production.
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Contraindicated in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism.
- PPIs: Block enzymes responsible for hydrochloric acid secretion; long-term use can increase fracture risk.
- Medroxyprogesterone: Long-acting contraceptive given deep IM every 3 months with thrombolytic risk.
- Misoprostol: Inhibits gastric acid secretion and promotes mucous production; primarily used to prevent peptic ulcers.
- Ondansetron (Zofran): Administered before triggers; can prolong QT interval causing dysrhythmias.
Cautions in Medical Therapy
- TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition): Requires a central line with strict monitoring of blood sugar and regular tubing changes.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy Risks: Associated with increased risks for DVT, myocardial infarction, and dementia.
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Description
Prepare for your Pharmacy Exam 4 with this comprehensive review quiz. Cover key medications like oxytocin and finasteride, including their uses, side effects, and indications. Test your knowledge on crucial topics in pharmacology and ensure you're ready for your exam.
