Pharmacology Exam 4 Review

Questions and Answers

Match the following medications with their primary function or effect:

Stool softener = Causes water to absorb in the stool Psyllium = Helps reduce cholesterol levels Zofran = Causes dysrhythmias Folic Acid = Supplements for deficiency during pregnancy

Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions:

Hypotonic solution = Used to treat hyponatremia Isotonic solution = No fluid shift Conjugated estrogen = Used for menopausal symptoms 5-alpha reductase inhibitors = Treat BPH by shrinking enlarged prostate

Match the following side effects or warnings with their corresponding medications:

Conjugated estrogen = Increased risk of thrombophlebitis PPI = Increased risk of fractures due to bone loss Testosterone = May shrink tumors in breast cancer Nifedipine = Calcium channel blocker

Match the following medications with their time frame for administration or onset of action:

Antacids = Relieves heartburn in 20-40 minutes Psyllium = Takes several days to act Zofran = Best given prior to trigger TPN = Move from refrigerator 30 minutes prior to administration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct medication or treatment:

Sucralfate = Coats and helps heal gastric erosion Hypotonic solution = Used for loss of GI fluids Vitamin A = Can cause fetal malformations when taken excessively Emergency contraceptive = Choice is based on time frame of intercourse Signup and view all the answers

Match the following indications with their respective drugs:

Testosterone = Used in palliative care for breast cancer Folic Acid = Deficiency caused by alcohol abuse Zofran = Not an antiemetic but affects QT intervals 5-alpha reductase inhibitors = Reduces DHT level by approximately 70% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions to their corresponding medical condition or issue:

Night blindness = Caused by Vitamin A deficiency Malabsorption disorder = Causes deficiency in Folic Acid Gastirc erosion = Managed with Sucralfate GI fluid loss = Replaced by isotonic solutions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pharmacological terms with their definitions:

Psyllium = First line treatment as a laxative Emergency contraceptive = Timeliness based on intercourse Nifedipine = Type of calcium channel blocker Antacids = Neutralize gastric acids Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their uses or characteristics:

Terbutaline = Used to stop preterm labor Bismuth = Used for diarrhea Finasteride = Used to treat BPH Sildenafil = Contraindicated with nitrates Signup and view all the answers

Match the following IV fluid types with their classifications:

D5 Normal Saline = Hypertonic solution Colloids = Used for hypovolemic shock Hypotonic = Shifts fluid into cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risks and benefits with the appropriate therapy:

HRT = Risk of MI and dementia Finasteride = Sexual dysfunction as side effect Norethindrone = Photosensitivity risk Bismuth = Absorbs toxins in diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions or treatments with their appropriate interventions:

Hyponatremia = Treatment with 3% NaCl Hypotonic fluids = Used to hydrate cells H2 Receptor antagonists = Used for gastric ulcers Oral contraceptives = Effectiveness reduced by antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Match the following side effects with the corresponding medication:

Finasteride = Impaired fertility Norethindrone = Sensitive skin Sildenafil = Hypotension risk Terbutaline = Fetal death risk Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medication guidelines or notes with their descriptions:

Terbutaline usage = No more than 72 hours Dextran 40 = Can cause fluid overload if given rapidly Norethindrone = Take around the same time daily H2 receptor antagonists = Absorption decreased by antacids Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its primary use or characteristic:

Medroxyprogesterone = Should not be taken with St. John's Wort Magnesium Sulfate = Used to delay preterm labor Sodium Bicarbonate = Treats acidosis but may cause metabolic alkalosis Oxytocin = Causes firm uterine contractions post childbirth Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its associated medication:

IBD = Goal is to reduce symptoms of active disease Chronic Constipation = Treated with Methylnaltrexone Hyperkalemia = Managed with calcium gluconate and dialysis PUD = Misoprostol inhibits gastric acid production Signup and view all the answers

Match the adverse effect to the corresponding medication:

Potassium = Monitor for burning and irritation at IV site Magnesium Sulfate = Overdose symptoms include skin flushing and confusion Oxytocin = May cause rapid painful contractions Sodium Bicarbonate = May lead to decreased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with a contraindication or precaution:

Medroxyprogesterone = Smoking increases thromboembolic risk Sulfasalazine = Use cautiously in severe renal impairment Estradiol = Barbiturates reduce its efficacy Magnesium Sulfate = Watch for signs of overdose Signup and view all the answers

Match the fluid replacement drug with its description:

Crystalloids = Mimic extracellular fluids in the body Ringer's solution = Used for hypovolemic shock Glucose and dextrose = Used in treating hyperkalemia Potassium = Should never be given IVP Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its primary action:

Misoprostol = Stimulates mucus production Oxytocin = Induces labor and cervical dilation Magnesium Sulfate = Effective on smooth muscle relaxation Sodium Bicarbonate = Aids in correcting acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment goal with the associated condition:

IBD = Reduce symptoms of active disease Preterm labor = Delay labor Chronic constipation = Relief using Methylnaltrexone Hyperkalemia = Elimination depends on kidney function Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its treatment:

PUD = Treated with Misoprostol Preterm labor = Managed with Magnesium Sulfate Chronic constipation = Managed with Methylnaltrexone IBD = Treated with Sulfasalazine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stool Softeners and Laxatives

Stool softeners absorb water into the stool for easier passage.
Psyllium is the first-line laxative treatment; it also reduces cholesterol levels but requires increased fluid intake and takes several days to work.

Solutions and Electrolyte Management

Hypotonic solutions are used to treat hyponatremia and facilitate fluid movement into cells.
Isotonic solutions cause no fluid shift and are used for vascular expansion, especially for GI fluid loss due to vomiting.
Hypertonic solutions shift fluids out of cells into the vascular space, utilized for conditions like brain swelling.

Medications for Digestive Issues

Antacids neutralize gastric acids, providing relief from heartburn within 20-40 minutes; absorption can be affected by other medications.
Sucralfate treats peptic ulcer disease by coating and protecting the gastric lining without altering acid secretion.
Misoprostol inhibits gastric acid production and increases mucus secretion, used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD).

Hormonal Therapies and Risks

Conjugated estrogen alleviates menopausal symptoms but increases thrombophlebitis and blood clot risk, particularly over age 35.
HRT decisions weigh benefits against risks, including myocardial infarction (MI), dementia, and venous thromboembolism.
Norethindrone can cause photosensitivity; effectiveness requires consistent daily dosing.

Cancer and Palliative Care

Testosterone can shrink breast tumors in palliative care and requires patch site rotation.
Finasteride treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by reducing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, with potential sexual side effects.

Constipation and Diarrhea Management

Methylnaltrexone is used for chronic constipation in those on opioids, while magnesium sulfate can delay preterm labor but requires overdose monitoring.
Bismuth is effective for diarrhea, binding and absorbing toxins.

Electrolytes and Renal Function

Potassium levels necessitate careful monitoring; IV administration should avoid rapid push due to cardiac risks.
Hyperkalemia treatment may include glucose, calcium gluconate, and dialysis, depending on kidney function.

IV Fluids and Nutritional Support

Crystalloids, containing electrolytes, are crucial for fluid replacement; Ringer's solution helps in hypovolemic shock.
TPN requires a central line and should be warmed before administration for safety.

Additional Medications and Considerations

Zofran can pose dysrhythmic risks; administer prior to nausea triggers for optimal effect.
Terbutaline, a tocolytic for preterm labor, should not be used longer than 72 hours due to potential fetal harm.
Anticonvulsants and antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Miscellaneous

Sodium bicarbonate treats acidosis but may lead to metabolic alkalosis with symptoms like decreased respiratory rate.
Colloids maintain fluid within the vessels; dextran 40 can cause fluid overload if administered too rapidly.

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Description

Prepare for your Pharmacology Exam 4 with this comprehensive review quiz. Explore key concepts such as the function of stool softeners, the use of hypotonic solutions, and the role of antiacids in treating heartburn. Test your understanding of various medications and their implications in clinical practice.