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Questions and Answers
Match the following medications with their primary function or effect:
Match the following medications with their primary function or effect:
Stool softener = Causes water to absorb in the stool Psyllium = Helps reduce cholesterol levels Zofran = Causes dysrhythmias Folic Acid = Supplements for deficiency during pregnancy
Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions:
Hypotonic solution = Used to treat hyponatremia Isotonic solution = No fluid shift Conjugated estrogen = Used for menopausal symptoms 5-alpha reductase inhibitors = Treat BPH by shrinking enlarged prostate
Match the following side effects or warnings with their corresponding medications:
Match the following side effects or warnings with their corresponding medications:
Conjugated estrogen = Increased risk of thrombophlebitis PPI = Increased risk of fractures due to bone loss Testosterone = May shrink tumors in breast cancer Nifedipine = Calcium channel blocker
Match the following medications with their time frame for administration or onset of action:
Match the following medications with their time frame for administration or onset of action:
Match the following statements with the correct medication or treatment:
Match the following statements with the correct medication or treatment:
Match the following indications with their respective drugs:
Match the following indications with their respective drugs:
Match the following descriptions to their corresponding medical condition or issue:
Match the following descriptions to their corresponding medical condition or issue:
Match the following pharmacological terms with their definitions:
Match the following pharmacological terms with their definitions:
Match the following medications with their uses or characteristics:
Match the following medications with their uses or characteristics:
Match the following IV fluid types with their classifications:
Match the following IV fluid types with their classifications:
Match the following risks and benefits with the appropriate therapy:
Match the following risks and benefits with the appropriate therapy:
Match the following conditions or treatments with their appropriate interventions:
Match the following conditions or treatments with their appropriate interventions:
Match the following side effects with the corresponding medication:
Match the following side effects with the corresponding medication:
Match the following medication guidelines or notes with their descriptions:
Match the following medication guidelines or notes with their descriptions:
Match the medication with its primary use or characteristic:
Match the medication with its primary use or characteristic:
Match the condition with its associated medication:
Match the condition with its associated medication:
Match the adverse effect to the corresponding medication:
Match the adverse effect to the corresponding medication:
Match the medication with a contraindication or precaution:
Match the medication with a contraindication or precaution:
Match the fluid replacement drug with its description:
Match the fluid replacement drug with its description:
Match the medication with its primary action:
Match the medication with its primary action:
Match the treatment goal with the associated condition:
Match the treatment goal with the associated condition:
Match the condition with its treatment:
Match the condition with its treatment:
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Study Notes
Stool Softeners and Laxatives
- Stool softeners absorb water into the stool for easier passage.
- Psyllium is the first-line laxative treatment; it also reduces cholesterol levels but requires increased fluid intake and takes several days to work.
Solutions and Electrolyte Management
- Hypotonic solutions are used to treat hyponatremia and facilitate fluid movement into cells.
- Isotonic solutions cause no fluid shift and are used for vascular expansion, especially for GI fluid loss due to vomiting.
- Hypertonic solutions shift fluids out of cells into the vascular space, utilized for conditions like brain swelling.
Medications for Digestive Issues
- Antacids neutralize gastric acids, providing relief from heartburn within 20-40 minutes; absorption can be affected by other medications.
- Sucralfate treats peptic ulcer disease by coating and protecting the gastric lining without altering acid secretion.
- Misoprostol inhibits gastric acid production and increases mucus secretion, used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
Hormonal Therapies and Risks
- Conjugated estrogen alleviates menopausal symptoms but increases thrombophlebitis and blood clot risk, particularly over age 35.
- HRT decisions weigh benefits against risks, including myocardial infarction (MI), dementia, and venous thromboembolism.
- Norethindrone can cause photosensitivity; effectiveness requires consistent daily dosing.
Cancer and Palliative Care
- Testosterone can shrink breast tumors in palliative care and requires patch site rotation.
- Finasteride treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by reducing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, with potential sexual side effects.
Constipation and Diarrhea Management
- Methylnaltrexone is used for chronic constipation in those on opioids, while magnesium sulfate can delay preterm labor but requires overdose monitoring.
- Bismuth is effective for diarrhea, binding and absorbing toxins.
Electrolytes and Renal Function
- Potassium levels necessitate careful monitoring; IV administration should avoid rapid push due to cardiac risks.
- Hyperkalemia treatment may include glucose, calcium gluconate, and dialysis, depending on kidney function.
IV Fluids and Nutritional Support
- Crystalloids, containing electrolytes, are crucial for fluid replacement; Ringer's solution helps in hypovolemic shock.
- TPN requires a central line and should be warmed before administration for safety.
Additional Medications and Considerations
- Zofran can pose dysrhythmic risks; administer prior to nausea triggers for optimal effect.
- Terbutaline, a tocolytic for preterm labor, should not be used longer than 72 hours due to potential fetal harm.
- Anticonvulsants and antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Miscellaneous
- Sodium bicarbonate treats acidosis but may lead to metabolic alkalosis with symptoms like decreased respiratory rate.
- Colloids maintain fluid within the vessels; dextran 40 can cause fluid overload if administered too rapidly.
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