Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following medications with their primary function or effect:
Match the following medications with their primary function or effect:
Stool softener = Causes water to absorb in the stool Psyllium = Helps reduce cholesterol levels Zofran = Causes dysrhythmias Folic Acid = Supplements for deficiency during pregnancy
Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions:
Hypotonic solution = Used to treat hyponatremia Isotonic solution = No fluid shift Conjugated estrogen = Used for menopausal symptoms 5-alpha reductase inhibitors = Treat BPH by shrinking enlarged prostate
Match the following side effects or warnings with their corresponding medications:
Match the following side effects or warnings with their corresponding medications:
Conjugated estrogen = Increased risk of thrombophlebitis PPI = Increased risk of fractures due to bone loss Testosterone = May shrink tumors in breast cancer Nifedipine = Calcium channel blocker
Match the following medications with their time frame for administration or onset of action:
Match the following medications with their time frame for administration or onset of action:
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Match the following statements with the correct medication or treatment:
Match the following statements with the correct medication or treatment:
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Match the following indications with their respective drugs:
Match the following indications with their respective drugs:
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Match the following descriptions to their corresponding medical condition or issue:
Match the following descriptions to their corresponding medical condition or issue:
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Match the following pharmacological terms with their definitions:
Match the following pharmacological terms with their definitions:
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Match the following medications with their uses or characteristics:
Match the following medications with their uses or characteristics:
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Match the following IV fluid types with their classifications:
Match the following IV fluid types with their classifications:
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Match the following risks and benefits with the appropriate therapy:
Match the following risks and benefits with the appropriate therapy:
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Match the following conditions or treatments with their appropriate interventions:
Match the following conditions or treatments with their appropriate interventions:
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Match the following side effects with the corresponding medication:
Match the following side effects with the corresponding medication:
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Match the following medication guidelines or notes with their descriptions:
Match the following medication guidelines or notes with their descriptions:
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Match the medication with its primary use or characteristic:
Match the medication with its primary use or characteristic:
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Match the condition with its associated medication:
Match the condition with its associated medication:
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Match the adverse effect to the corresponding medication:
Match the adverse effect to the corresponding medication:
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Match the medication with a contraindication or precaution:
Match the medication with a contraindication or precaution:
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Match the fluid replacement drug with its description:
Match the fluid replacement drug with its description:
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Match the medication with its primary action:
Match the medication with its primary action:
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Match the treatment goal with the associated condition:
Match the treatment goal with the associated condition:
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Match the condition with its treatment:
Match the condition with its treatment:
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Study Notes
Stool Softeners and Laxatives
- Stool softeners absorb water into the stool for easier passage.
- Psyllium is the first-line laxative treatment; it also reduces cholesterol levels but requires increased fluid intake and takes several days to work.
Solutions and Electrolyte Management
- Hypotonic solutions are used to treat hyponatremia and facilitate fluid movement into cells.
- Isotonic solutions cause no fluid shift and are used for vascular expansion, especially for GI fluid loss due to vomiting.
- Hypertonic solutions shift fluids out of cells into the vascular space, utilized for conditions like brain swelling.
Medications for Digestive Issues
- Antacids neutralize gastric acids, providing relief from heartburn within 20-40 minutes; absorption can be affected by other medications.
- Sucralfate treats peptic ulcer disease by coating and protecting the gastric lining without altering acid secretion.
- Misoprostol inhibits gastric acid production and increases mucus secretion, used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
Hormonal Therapies and Risks
- Conjugated estrogen alleviates menopausal symptoms but increases thrombophlebitis and blood clot risk, particularly over age 35.
- HRT decisions weigh benefits against risks, including myocardial infarction (MI), dementia, and venous thromboembolism.
- Norethindrone can cause photosensitivity; effectiveness requires consistent daily dosing.
Cancer and Palliative Care
- Testosterone can shrink breast tumors in palliative care and requires patch site rotation.
- Finasteride treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by reducing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, with potential sexual side effects.
Constipation and Diarrhea Management
- Methylnaltrexone is used for chronic constipation in those on opioids, while magnesium sulfate can delay preterm labor but requires overdose monitoring.
- Bismuth is effective for diarrhea, binding and absorbing toxins.
Electrolytes and Renal Function
- Potassium levels necessitate careful monitoring; IV administration should avoid rapid push due to cardiac risks.
- Hyperkalemia treatment may include glucose, calcium gluconate, and dialysis, depending on kidney function.
IV Fluids and Nutritional Support
- Crystalloids, containing electrolytes, are crucial for fluid replacement; Ringer's solution helps in hypovolemic shock.
- TPN requires a central line and should be warmed before administration for safety.
Additional Medications and Considerations
- Zofran can pose dysrhythmic risks; administer prior to nausea triggers for optimal effect.
- Terbutaline, a tocolytic for preterm labor, should not be used longer than 72 hours due to potential fetal harm.
- Anticonvulsants and antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Miscellaneous
- Sodium bicarbonate treats acidosis but may lead to metabolic alkalosis with symptoms like decreased respiratory rate.
- Colloids maintain fluid within the vessels; dextran 40 can cause fluid overload if administered too rapidly.
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Description
Prepare for your Pharmacology Exam 4 with this comprehensive review quiz. Explore key concepts such as the function of stool softeners, the use of hypotonic solutions, and the role of antiacids in treating heartburn. Test your understanding of various medications and their implications in clinical practice.