Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of dextromethorphan?

  • It acts as an antihistamine
  • It relieves nasal congestion
  • It is an expectorant
  • It is a cough suppressant (correct)

    • What is an important side effect of antihistamines that requires monitoring?

  • Increased heart rate
  • Xerostomia (correct)
  • Drowsiness (correct)
  • Nausea

    • What is the recommended action for treating xerostomia caused by nasal decongestant overuse?

  • Stop using the decongestant (correct)
  • Use mouthwash
  • Start antihistamines
  • Increase fluid intake

    • Which of the following medications is a bronchodilator that can be used for acute asthma?

    <p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab parameters are monitored for a patient on warfarin?

    <p>INR and PT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nitrates in pharmacotherapy?

    <p>Dilate blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for a patient taking digoxin?

    <p>Potassium levels must be monitored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect associated with the use of opioids like morphine?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can exacerbate the risk of digitalis toxicity?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signs and symptoms are associated with anaphylactic reactions?

    <p>Swelling and difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of theophylline?

    <p>It can lead to toxicity if not monitored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of oxymetazoline?

    <p>Reduction of nasal congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What teaching is most important for a patient prescribed amiodarone?

    <p>It can cause severe skin reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action regarding the administration of nitroglycerin?

    <p>Do not take more than three doses within 15 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of opioids like fentanyl?

    <p>Respiratory depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population should be closely monitored when taking aminoglycosides?

    <p>Patients with renal impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with sulfonamides?

    <p>Sensitivities leading to stevens-johnson syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse reaction associated with aspirin?

    <p>Salicylism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precautions should be taken when using acetaminophen?

    <p>Overdosage can lead to severe liver damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk when taking fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Risk of tendon rupture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of expectorants in pharmacotherapy?

    <p>To increase cough production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What teaching should a nurse provide regarding the use of Albuterol?

    <p>It is a short-acting bronchodilator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly associated with the risk of severe nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important nursing consideration for a patient receiving heparin?

    <p>Monitor platelet counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant side effect of propanolol that requires monitoring?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected action of the drug Digoxin?

    <p>It decreases heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most important dietary restrictions for a patient taking warfarin?

    <p>Vitamin K-rich foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common teaching point for patients taking Amphotericin B?

    <p>Increased fluid intake is recommended to prevent nephrotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main signs of salicylism, a condition associated with aspirin toxicity?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect should a nurse watch for in patients receiving NSAIDs?

    <p>Bloody urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of salicylism associated with aspirin use?

    <p>Tinnitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk when using ibuprofen for prolonged periods?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary consideration must be made for patients taking warfarin?

    <p>Limit vitamin K intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key teaching point for a patient prescribed morphine?

    <p>Monitor closely for respiratory depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is associated with the use of amphotericin B?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse reaction associated with antihistamines?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of expectorants in pharmacology?

    <p>Loosen mucus in the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important teaching point for a patient using nasal decongestants?

    <p>Limit use to 3-5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in a patient taking theophylline for toxicity signs?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication can suppress the cough reflex without the risk of dependency?

    <p>Dextromethorphan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign should be monitored in patients taking beta-blockers like metoprolol?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment should be administered if a patient experiences toxicity from heparin?

    <p>Protamine sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when administering nitroglycerin for angina?

    <p>Store away from light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant teaching point for a patient prescribed warfarin?

    <p>Regularly monitor INR/PT levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients using aspirin avoid?

    <p>Alcohol consumption during viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential nursing consideration for patients taking morphine?

    <p>Check for signs of respiratory depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key teaching point for patients using ibuprofen?

    <p>Always monitor for cardiovascular risks with prolonged use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important consideration for patients taking magnesium-containing antacids?

    <p>They may experience diarrhea as an adverse reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse reaction associated with antihistamines?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can cause rebound congestion if overused?

    <p>Oxymetazoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored for a patient taking theophylline?

    <p>Signs of toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What teaching should be provided regarding the use of Albuterol?

    <p>It should be used for acute relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of expectorants in pharmacology?

    <p>To loosen mucus in the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential adverse reactions of cholestyramine?

    <p>Constipation and GI upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications should not be stopped abruptly due to rebound effects?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What teaching is most important for a patient being prescribed codeine?

    <p>Follow prescribed dosages to avoid risk of dependency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide

    • Antihistamines (A/R's): Information on antihistamines needed for the exam
    • Antitussives (A/R's): Details and information needed for study
    • Codeine: Uses of this medication
    • Dextromethorphan: Action and use
    • Expectorants: Information about expectorants
    • Xerostomia: How to treat dry mouth
    • Nasal Decongestants (overuse): Information on the potential overuse
    • Oxymetazoline: Uses of this medication
    • Albuterol: Teaching, uses, acute/chronic medication, bronchodilator uses, and information about bronchospasms
    • Short-acting B2 Agonist A/R's: Information on these medications to study
    • Theophylline: Signs and symptoms of toxicity
    • Antihyperlipidemic Drugs: Drugs to lower lipids; teaching, uses, nurse considerations, labs (LDL and HDL)
    • Cholestyramine (A/R's): Details related to Cholestyramine
    • Propranolol (uses): Uses and patient teaching for this medication
    • Atenolol (uses): Uses and patient education
    • Metoprolol (uses): Uses and patient teaching
    • Nitroglycerin: Uses, frequency of dose, administration, A/R's, care of
    • Verapamil: Uses, parameters, and indications
    • Nitrates: What they are, what they are used for, and associated A/R's
    • Heparin: Monitoring labs, antidote for overdose
    • Warfarin: Dietary restrictions, monitoring labs, dangerous conditions (e.g., increased risk with certain factors)
    • Digitalis: Toxicity symptoms; conditions increasing risk, important details
    • Digoxin: Uses, side effects, nursing assessments
    • Schedule V controlled substances: Details about these substances
    • Antagonist drug: Definition
    • Idiosyncrasy: Definition
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (S/S): Signs and symptoms of this condition
    • Sulfonamides: Fluid intake considerations
    • Anaphylaxis (S/S): Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction
    • Cefazolin (A/R's): Reactions and allergies
    • Ceftriaxone: Allergies to other medications
    • Aminoglycosides (A/R's): Signs and symptoms of reaction; nephrotoxicity monitoring and treatment; risks associated with exercise.
    • Ferrous: Administration and timing
    • Fluoroquinolones (A/R's): Potential risks associated with exercise; use instructions and cautions.
    • Superinfection (S/S): Signs and symptoms of super-infection
    • Oseltamivir: Uses and patient teaching
    • Amphotericin B (A/R's): Reactions, monitoring, and teaching
    • Metronidazole: Teaching for patient use
    • Acetaminophen: Uses and teaching

    Aspirin

    • Uses, client teaching, low vs. high doses, maximum dose
    • Salicylism: definition and symptoms
    • Ibuprofen: client teaching, cardiovascular disease considerations
    • NSAIDs: most common NSAIDs, client teaching
    • Morphine: Uses, assessment, client teaching, antidote
    • Meperidine: A/R's

    Fentanyl

    • Respiratory depression, opiate-naive patients, client teaching, overdose considerations

    Adrenergic Drugs

    • Uses, peripheral nervous system effects
    • Cholinergic Drugs: uses, nervous system effects, A/R's
    • Atropine: Cholinergic blocker

    Alendronate

    • Patient teaching, uses
    • Cyclobenzaprine: Uses, side effects, A/R's
    • Lansoprazole: Uses

    Allopurinol

    • Uses, increased fluid intake
    • Emetics: Aspiration

    Bisacodyl

    • Uses, overuse, client teaching

    Loperamide

    • Client teaching

    Furosemide

    • Monitoring labs (K+ levels), dietary restrictions, K+ sparing diuretic considerations
    • Hydrochlorothiazide: Dietary restrictions, additional dietary considerations, K+ sparing diuretic considerations

    Nitrofurantoin

    • A/R's, patient teaching

    Phenazopyridine

    • Uses, client teaching

    Regular insulin

    • Times of use, client teaching

    Hypoglycemic

    • Uses, client teaching

    Hydrocortisone

    • Client teaching

    Prednisone

    • Client teaching, A/R's

    Magnesium-containing antacids

    • Uses, A/R's

    Adalimumab

    • Uses, A/R's

    ADEK

    • Mineral oil enemas

    Aspirin

    • Reyes syndrome

    Iron supplements

    • A/R's and side effects (S/E's)

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    Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your Pharmacology final exam with this comprehensive study guide covering key topics such as antihistamines, antitussives, and bronchodilators. Each section provides crucial details about various medications, their uses, adverse reactions, and patient considerations. This guide is essential for nursing students aiming to excel in pharmacological principles.

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