PHARM EXAM 4 REVIEW.docx

**[PHARM EXAM 4 REVIEW ]** Hormone produced by the pituitary. Causes smooth muscle of uterus to contract. Given during delivery to help regulate contractions and post-delivery to prevent hemorrhaging. Most common side effect is rapid, painful, contractions -- oxytocin Used for BPH. Helps to decrea...

**[PHARM EXAM 4 REVIEW ]** Hormone produced by the pituitary. Causes smooth muscle of uterus to contract. Given during delivery to help regulate contractions and post-delivery to prevent hemorrhaging. Most common side effect is rapid, painful, contractions -- oxytocin Used for BPH. Helps to decrease symptoms such as nocturia. Side effects include sexual dysfunction, impaired infertility -- finasteride Used for ulcerative colitis, can cause hepatotoxicity, and use cautiously in patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment -- sulfasalazine This is used to treat obesity -- orlistat This is choice of medication that is based upon the time frame since intercourse occurred -- emergency contraception Used to treat chronic constipation in patients with advanced cancer, using opioids -- methylnaltrexone Onset of action is 20-40 minutes. Absorption may be affected if taken within two hours of any other medications (including H2 Receptors). It acts to neutralize, not reduce the production of acid. We use it for temporary relief of heart burn -- antiacid This helps to slow progression of disease. Often used in combination with NSAIDS or steroids because it helps decrease inflammation and pain. Maintains joint function. Increased risk of infection, bone marrow suppression, and hepatic fibrosis -- DMARDS This prevents conversion of testosterone, and promotes shrinkage of enlarged prostate -- 5 alpha reductase inhibitors Safe in recommended doses for pregnancy, but can cause fetal malformation if taken excess -- vitamin A This is a bisphosphonate. Dysphagia can cause esophageal ulceration, which is an adverse effect. Bone density test is used to determine effectiveness. you must take with full glass of water, and remain upright for 30 minutes after you take it -- alendronate You must avoid alcohol, can cause sedation and respiratory effects. This drug causes smooth muscle relaxation and is used to delay preterm labor. Symptoms of early overdose include confusion, muscle weakness, sedation, increased thirst, flushing of skin. Overdose will have decreased deep tendon reflexes -- magnesium sulfate This binds to and eliminates toxins -- bismuth subsalicylate Used for preterm labor. Black box warning is use of greater than 48-72 hours during pregnancy can result in adverse reactions, can result in death of the fetus -- terbutaline Priapism is a serious adverse effect. It is contraindicated in use of nitrates due to is causing hypotension. Used to treat erectile dysfunction, Raynaud's and pulmonary hypertension -- sildenafil This increases water and fat absorption in the stool -- stool softener Fluids must be increased when the clients use this. It can help to reduce cholesterol. Take several days to act. It is the first line treatment for constipation -- psyllium mucilloid Dry mucous membranes would indicate insufficient water being used -- enteral feedings Pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption's disorders can cause a deficiency in this vitamin -- folic acid Used to treat duodenal ulcers and prevent their return -- H2 receptor antagonists Terbutaline and nifedipine -- tocolytics Antibiotics -- rifampin, anticonvulsants, and antifungal reduce the effectiveness of \_\_\_\_\_\_. Increase the risk of thrombolytic events. Estradiol is an example -- oral contraceptives Causes velarization from secondary exposure. If you are using the patches, the site should be rotated every 7 days. It is given to women in palliative care which breast cancer to reduce the size of the tumor -- testosterone Increased risk of bloods clots or DVT. Increase risk of side effects for women over age of 35. Contraindication is abnormal uterine bleeding -- Conjugated estrogen This treats BPH and decrease nocturia -- tamulsoin You want to take this medication at the same time every day to maintain efficacy. Photosensitivity is a side effect. St. John Wart increase risk of break through bleeding -- norethindrone This coats and heals gastric erosion. No effect on the acid production -- sucralfate Contraindicated in patients with venous thromboembolism -- selective estrogen receptor modulators Acts by blocking enzymes responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Long term use increase risk of fractures. May take several days for symptom relief -- PPI's This is given deep IM, it is given every 3 months. The adverse effect is increased risk of thrombolytic events. Not for depression or break through bleeding St John Wart can decrease effectiveness. Avoid smoking. Long term contraceptive -- medroxyprogesterone This inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates production of mucous. Primary use of prevention of peptic ulcers -- misoprostol This is given prior to the trigger. It can lengthen QT interval and cause dysrhythmias -- ondansetron (Zofran) This you must use a central line; tubing must be changed every 24 hours. It is refrigerated and must be removed 30 minutes before administering. Monitor blood sugar. -- TPN 3 risk for hormone replacement therapy -- DVT, MI, DEMENTIA