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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of Epinephrine?
What is the primary action of Epinephrine?
What is the purpose of Glucagon in the body?
What is the purpose of Glucagon in the body?
Which medication acts as a vasodilator reducing heart workload?
Which medication acts as a vasodilator reducing heart workload?
Which medication is classified as an analgesic and antipyretic?
Which medication is classified as an analgesic and antipyretic?
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What does the term 'contraindication' refer to?
What does the term 'contraindication' refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the '6 rights' of medication administration?
Which of the following is NOT one of the '6 rights' of medication administration?
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What is the main therapeutic effect of Salbutamol?
What is the main therapeutic effect of Salbutamol?
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Which medication is a non-opioid alternative for providing rapid analgesia?
Which medication is a non-opioid alternative for providing rapid analgesia?
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Who is responsible for writing a prescription for a patient managed on a clinician's behalf?
Who is responsible for writing a prescription for a patient managed on a clinician's behalf?
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What is the effect time for medications administered via the sublingual route?
What is the effect time for medications administered via the sublingual route?
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Which of the following medications is NOT typically administered by an EMT?
Which of the following medications is NOT typically administered by an EMT?
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What is the time for effect for intravenous (IV) medication administration?
What is the time for effect for intravenous (IV) medication administration?
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Which unit of measurement equals 1 milligram?
Which unit of measurement equals 1 milligram?
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Which responsibility does NOT fall on the pharmacy?
Which responsibility does NOT fall on the pharmacy?
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What is the time for effect for medications administered rectally?
What is the time for effect for medications administered rectally?
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Which of the following statements about the paramedic drug list in the UAE is true?
Which of the following statements about the paramedic drug list in the UAE is true?
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Study Notes
Pharmacotherapy in CBEH - Week 2 Tutorial: EMT Drugs
-
Objectives:
- Study the rules and regulations for narcotics and controlled drugs in the UAE.
- Understand EMT Basic drugs.
- Identify various units of measurement.
Rules and Regulations
- Regulators: Health Authority Abu Dhabi (HAAD/DOH), Ministry of Health (MOH), Dubai Health Authority (DHA).
- Controlled Drugs Legislation: UAE Federal Law Number 4 (1983) and UAE Federal Law Number 14 (1995).
- Local Policy: Medical Director, Narcotic Pharmacist In-Charge, JRCALC, PHECC, Drugs Policy.
Medical Director Responsibility
- Responsible for writing prescriptions on behalf of the clinician.
- Ensures policies and procedures are safe and compliant with relevant legislation.
Paramedics Drug List in the UAE
- Different providers have varying degrees of adoption of drug lists.
- Abu Dhabi and Dubai use different formularies.
- Providers should follow employer guidelines.
- Scope of practice and local permissions must be adhered to.
Pharmacy Responsibility
- Managing daily activities related to narcotics and controlled drugs.
- Conducting yearly policy reviews (or as needed).
- Ensuring compliance with regulations in all clinical areas.
- Reporting drug consumption to HAAD.
- Reporting adverse incidents/events to HAAD.
Medications Administered by EMTs
- Aspirin
- Oxygen
- Glucose Gel
- Glucagon
- GTN
- Salbutamol
- Epinephrine (1:1,000) (including auto-injector)
- Pentrox
- Nitrous oxide & Oxygen (Entonox)
- Paracetamol
- Ibuprofen
Medication Administration
-
Route:
- Oral (PO)
- Rectal (PR)
- Subcutaneous (SQ)
- Sublingual (SL)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Inhalation (IN)
- Intravenous (IV)
- Intraosseous (IO)
-
Time for Effect:
- Oral (PO): 30-90 minutes
- Rectal (PR): 5-30 minutes
- Subcutaneous (SQ): 15-30 minutes
- Sublingual (SL): 3-5 minutes
- Intramuscular (IM): 10-20 minutes
- Inhalation (IN): 3-5 minutes
- Intravenous (IV): 30-60 seconds
- Intraosseous (IO): 30-60 seconds
Units of Measurement
- 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
- 1 gram (g) = 1,000,000 micrograms (mcg)
- 1 milligram (mg) = 1000 micrograms (mcg)
- 1 litre (L) = 1000 millilitres (mL)
- 1mL = 1 cubic centimeter (cc)
EMT Basic Medications
- Aspirin (ASA): Antithrombotic, inhibits thromboxane A production, reducing clot formation in myocardial infarction (MI).
- Epinephrine (1:1000): Alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant, reverses laryngeal edema and bronchospasm in anaphylaxis, and antagonises histamine effects.
- Glucagon: Glycogenolysis, converts glycogen polymers to glucose monomers, increasing plasma glucose.
- Glucose Gel: Increases blood glucose.
- GTN (Glycerol Tri-nitrate): Vasodilator, reduces venous return and heart workload, reduces blood pressure (BP). Relases nitric oxide, leading to coronary artery dilation.
- Nitrous Oxide (Entonox): Analgesic agent, CNS depressant, providing pain relief
- Oxygen: Oxygenates tissues and organs
- Paracetamol: Analgesic (pain relief) and antipyretic (fever reduction), inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
- Salbutamol: Beta 2 agonist, causes smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in bronchodilation.
- Ibuprofen: Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory.
- Penthrox (Methoxyflurane): Provides rapid short-term analgesia, a non-opioid alternative to morphine.
Pre-administration Checks
- Full set of vitals.
- Allergy checks.
- Contraindication checks.
- Check for complementary therapies (homeopathy).
- Recheck indications.
- Recheck with partner.
"Six Rights" of Medication Administration
- Right patient
- Right medication
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time
- Right documentation (PCR)
- The 7th right is to refuse
Medication Error
- Failure in any of the six rights identified as a medication error.
Dangers of Inappropriate Administration
- Anaphylactic shock
- Death
- Breathing disorders
- Gastric bleeding
- Hypotension
- Unconsciousness
- Addiction
JRCALC (2016-2019) Drugs
- Review presentations, indications, actions, dose, administration, contraindications, cautions, and side effects of EMT-basic drugs.
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Description
This quiz focuses on EMT drugs and pharmacotherapy regulations in the UAE, specifically targeting Week 2 of the CBEH tutorial. It covers important topics such as controlled substances legislation, local policies, and EMT basic drugs to better prepare paramedics for their roles. Test your knowledge on the rules, responsibilities, and drug lists relevant to emergency medical technicians.
