EHS 202 Week 2 Tutorial Session1 PDF

EHS 202 Pharmacotherapy in CBEH Week 2 Tutorial : EMT Drugs OBJECTIVES Rules and Regulation for Narcotics and controlled drugs in the UAE. Recall EMT Basic drugs. Identify different units of measurement. Rules and Regulations Medical Director Responsibility Responsible fo...

EHS 202 Pharmacotherapy in CBEH Week 2 Tutorial : EMT Drugs OBJECTIVES Rules and Regulation for Narcotics and controlled drugs in the UAE. Recall EMT Basic drugs. Identify different units of measurement. Rules and Regulations Medical Director Responsibility Responsible for the writing of a prescription for the patient that was managed on the clinician’s behalf. He is the authorized licensed physician to prescribe drugs. Responsible for ensuring policies and procedures are safe and adhere to current legislation. Paramedics Drug list in the UAE Local providers have different degrees of adoption of these drug lists. Abu Dhabi and Dubai have different drug formularies, this is the case any where in the world – We should always follow or employers' guidelines. We must operate under our scope of practice and local permissions. 5  Pharmacy Responsibility Managing daily activities The life cycle of narcotics and controlled drugs Ensuring policy reviews are conducted on a yearly basis or as required Ensure all clinical areas are compliant with regulations Reporting drug consumption to HAAD Reporting adverse events or incidents to HAAD. Medications which the EMT may administer Aspirin Oxygen Glucose Gel Glucagon GTN Salbutamol Epinephrine (1:1,000) (including auto injector) Pentrox Nitrous oxide & Oxygen (Entonox) Paracetamol Ibuprofen Presentations Medication Route Time for Effect Oral (PO) 30 – 90 mins Rectal (PR) 05 – 30 mins Subcutaneous (SQ) 15 – 30 mins Sublingual (SL) 03 – 05 mins Intramuscular (IM) 10 – 20 mins Inhalation (IN) 03 – 05 mins Intravenous (IV) 30 – 60 seconds Intraosseous (IO) 30 – 60 seconds Units of Measurement 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000grams (g) 1 gram (g) = 1000,000 (mcg) 1 milligram (mg) = 1000micrograms (mcg) 1 litre (L) = 1000 (ml) millilitres You may find (cc) referred to, where 1ml equals 1cc We will work on measurements in a future tutorial EMT Basic Medications Aspirin (ASA) Antithrombotic. Inhibits the formation of thromboxane A , which 2 stimulates platelet aggregation and artery constriction. This reduces clot / thrombus formation in an MI. EMT Basic Medications Epinephrine (1:1 000) Alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant. Reversal of laryngeal oedema & bronchospasm in anaphylaxis. Antagonises the effects of histamine. EMT Basic Medications Glucagon Glycogenolysis. the conversion of glycogen polymers to glucose monomers in the liver Increases plasma glucose by mobilising glycogen stored in the liver. EMT Basic Medications Glucose Gel Increases blood glucose levels EMT Basic Medications Glycerol Tri-nitrate (GTN) Vasodilator. Dilates systemic veins reducing venous return to the heart (pre-load) and thus reduces the heart workload. Reduces BP. Releases nitric oxide which acts as a vasodilator. Dilates coronary arteries particularly if in spasm increasing blood flow to myocardium. EMT Basic Medications Nitrous Oxide 50% and Oxygen 50% (ENTONOX®) Analgesic agent gas: CNS depressant. Pain relief. EMT Basic Medications Oxygen Oxygenation of tissue/organs. Paracetamol Analgesic – central prostaglandin inhibitor. Antipyretic – prevents the hypothalamus from synthesising prostaglandin E, inhibiting the temperature from rising further. EMT Basic Medications Salbutamol Beta 2 agonist. Causing smooth muscle relaxation Bronchodilation. Relaxation of smooth muscle. EMT Basic Medications Ibuprofen Analgesic (relieves pain) Antipyretic (reduces temperature) Anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation) 19 EMT Basic Medication Penthrox - Methoxyflurane Provides rapid short-term analgesia using a portable inhaler device. It is a non-opioid alternative to morphine. 20 Define the terms: Side Effects is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended Indications is a valid reason to use a certain medication Contraindications is a reason to withhold a certain medication Adverse Reactions is an expression that describes harm associated with the use of given medications at a normal dosage Pre-administration Checks Full set of vitals Check for allergies Check for contraindications Check if patient is taking complementary therapies homeopathy Recheck indications Recheck with your partner. The '6 rights' of medication administration 1. Right patient 2. Right medication 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right documentation (PCR) The 7th Right, is to ‘refuse’ A failure in any one of these “rights” is considered a medication error Dangers of inappropriate administration Anaphylactic shock Death Breathing disorders Gastric bleeding Hypotension Unconsciousness Addiction JRCALC (2016-2019) Drugs Look at each of this EMT-basic drugs: Presentations Indications Actions Dose and Administration Contra-indications Caution Side Effects 26