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Pharmacology trans - Adrenergic and Ganglionic Antagonists
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Pharmacology trans - Adrenergic and Ganglionic Antagonists

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the classifications within adrenergic antagonists?

  • ACE inhibitors
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Beta blockers (correct)

    • What is a common therapeutic use for adrenergic antagonists?

  • Managing diabetes
  • Controlling hypertension (correct)
  • Reducing cholesterol levels
  • Treating infections

    • Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of ganglionic blockers?

  • Inhibiting cholinergic receptors (correct)
  • Stimulating norepinephrine release
  • Enhancing dopamine activity
  • Blocking adrenergic receptors

    • What is a common adverse effect of adrenergic antagonists?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category do ganglionic blockers belong to?

    <p>Cholinergic agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific agent classified as an adrenergic antagonist?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pharmacokinetic aspect is critical for understanding drug behavior?

    <p>The time to reach maximum concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates newer drugs from older ganglionic blockers?

    <p>Greater safety profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT typically pertain to adrenergic antagonists?

    <p>They are prescribed for anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main actions of adrenergic neuron blockers?

    <p>Depletion of catecholamine stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a MAO inhibitor affecting norepinephrine synthesis?

    <p>Pargyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ganglionic blocking drugs primarily function?

    <p>Non-specific action on peripheral nerve receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is associated with the destruction of adrenergic nerve fibers?

    <p>6-hydroxydopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of non-specific adrenergic blockers?

    <p>Intolerable adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of drugs may act selectively on cholinergic or adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Adrenergic antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is not primarily an adrenergic neuron blocker?

    <p>Methyltyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are many adrenergic blocking drugs considered obsolete?

    <p>High incidence of intolerable adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Methyldopa play in adrenergic actions?

    <p>Affects NE synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug leads to the formation of false neurotransmitters?

    <p>Reserpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is responsible for causing mydriasis?

    <p>Phenylephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a function of Ganglionic blocking agents?

    <p>Block both sympathetic and parasympathetic transmissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor-effect pair is correctly matched?

    <p>α1 - Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment advantage of ganglionic blockers for hypertension in pregnant patients?

    <p>They are effective in reducing blood pressure without harming the mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does not belong to the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PANS)?

    <p>Uses Adenylyl cyclase to activate pKA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism do ganglionic blockers use to lower blood pressure?

    <p>Stimulation of central α2 receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to induce miosis?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect associated with the use of ganglionic blockers?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of ganglionic blocker administration?

    <p>Mydriasis and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of cholinergic antagonist?

    <p>Parasympatholytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the action of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>They bind to cholinoceptors without triggering effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between neurotransmitter depletion and adverse effects?

    <p>Depletion causes CNS-related effects like sedation and nightmares.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is described as selectively blocking muscarinic synapses?

    <p>Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of cholinergic blockers?

    <p>They stimulate neuromuscular junctions directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do ganglionic blockers have on peripheral vascular resistance?

    <p>Decrease peripheral vascular resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is mecamylamine currently licensed to treat as an orphan drug?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mecamylamine assist patients in quitting smoking?

    <p>By blocking central nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands are affected by parasympathetic innervation leading to xerostomia?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect observed when sympathetic tone is inhibited?

    <p>Dilation of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mecamylamine in treating urinary retention?

    <p>Blocking adrenergic signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mecamylamine is classified under which type of pharmacological agents?

    <p>Neuronal ganglionic blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is associated with the use of mecamylamine?

    <p>Decreased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors does mecamylamine block to exert its effects?

    <p>Central nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with which condition might benefit from mecamylamine as an adjunct therapy?

    <p>Smoking addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic outcome of blocking sympathetic tone in the blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Adrenergic and Ganglionic Antagonists

    • Adrenergic antagonists and ganglionic blockers can act selectively or non-selectively on cholinergic or adrenergic receptors.
    • Some have central actions, utilized therapeutically for their effects.
    • Unlike other sympathetic blockers, adrenergic neuron blockers do not directly affect postsynaptic receptors.

    Adrenergic Antagonists

    • Classified into various categories based on their action and usage.
    • Therapeutic applications primarily include hypertension management.
    • Adverse effects often stem from their nonspecific actions.
    • Specific agents include:
      • Guanethidine
      • Bethanidine
      • Guanadrel
      • Bretylium
      • Debrisoquine
      • Reserpine

    Mechanisms of Action

    • Major action involves stimulation of central α2 receptors, decreasing sympathetic outflow from the brain.
    • Results in reduced total peripheral resistance (PVR) and blood pressure (BP).

    Adverse Effects

    • Most common adverse effects are central nervous system related: sedation, nightmares, depression.
    • Other effects include issues related to pancreatic secretions.

    Ganglionic Blockers

    • Primarily discussed for historical purposes as many are obsolete.
    • Important in situations lacking newer alternatives.
    • Affect nicotinic receptors, resulting in both sympathetic and parasympathetic inhibition—known as the "point and shoot" system.

    Cholinergic Antagonists

    • Also referred to as parasympatholytics or anticholinergic drugs.
    • They inhibit cholinergic signaling without activating usual receptor-mediated effects.
    • Useful in blocking muscarinic synapses in the parasympathetic nervous system.

    Notable Drug Actions

    • Mecamylamine is an orphan drug used for conditions like hypertension during pregnancy.
    • It also serves as an adjunct for smoking cessation.
    • Anticholinergic effects include:
      • Urinary retention
      • Xerostomia (dry mouth)
      • Anhidrosis (lack of sweating)

    Clinical Applications

    • Ganglionic blockers may be indicated in treating hypertension.
    • Various receptors and their corresponding effects should be understood, e.g.,:
      • α1 receptors cause vasoconstriction.
      • M3 receptors are involved in bronchoconstriction and increased gastric acid secretion.

    Important Terms and Abbreviations

    • BP: Blood Pressure
    • NE: Norepinephrine
    • MAO: Monoamine Oxidase
    • EPSP: Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
    • RAAS: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

    Review Questions Key Insights

    • Understand mechanisms of specific drug actions, effects, and adverse reactions.
    • Recognize the physiological balances of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

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    Related Documents

    [PHA LEC - LE 2] 04 - Adrenergic and Ganglionic Antagonists (V1).pdf

    Description

    This quiz focuses on adrenergic and ganglionic antagonists covered in Pharmacology TRANS 04. It will test your understanding of the mechanisms, effects, and clinical uses of these drugs. Perfect for reinforcing key concepts from the lecture.

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