Pharmacology Quiz: Alpha Blockers and Vasodilators
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of Sodium Nitroprusside?

  • Activates dopamine D1 receptors
  • Opens K+ channels in smooth muscle
  • Blocks insulin release
  • Increases cGMP to relax smooth muscle (correct)

What is a common side effect of Minoxidil?

  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hirsutism (correct)
  • Anorexia
  • Reflex tachycardia

What is the initial step in managing Heart Failure?

  • Prescribe diuretics
  • Restrict dietary sodium
  • Reduce workload of the heart (correct)
  • Restrict water intake

What is the effect of Diazoxide on blood pressure?

<p>Decreases blood pressure only in arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Fenoldopam?

<p>Agonist of dopamine D1 receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vasodilators is used for long-term treatment of hypertension?

<p>Hydralazine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of methyldopa in reducing blood pressure?

<p>It binds to α-adrenoceptors to modulate baroreceptor reflexes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of clonidine that is less pronounced with the transdermal patch?

<p>Sedation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of missing one or two doses of clonidine?

<p>Hypertensive emergency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs share the same mechanism of action as clonidine but offer no advantages?

<p>Guanabenz and Guanfacine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of ganglion blockers on the nervous system?

<p>They block nicotinic cholinoceptors in both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have ganglion blockers largely been abandoned in clinical practice?

<p>They cause excessive orthostatic hypotension and other side effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Propranolol on renin production?

<p>Inhibits renin production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using Propranolol with direct vasodilators in severe hypertension?

<p>Prevents reflex tachycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Prazosin?

<p>Blocks a1-receptors in arterioles and venules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of Prazosin?

<p>Severe salt and water retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Propranolol on heart rate?

<p>Decreases heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Propranolol in hypertension?

<p>Mild to moderate hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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