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Questions and Answers
Match the following drug classifications with their specific medications:
Match the following drug classifications with their specific medications:
Loop Diuretics = Furosemide Thiazide diuretics = Chlorothiazide Potassium sparing diuretics = Spironolactone Anticoagulants = Heparin, Warfarin Low Molecular Wt. Heparin = Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Antagonists = Protaminate sulfate, Vitamin K Antiplatelets = Aspirin, Clopidogrel Thrombolytics = Urokinase ACE inhibitors = Captopril Angiotensin blockers = Sartans Calcium Channel Blockers = Diltiazem, Verapamil Cardiac Glycosides = Digoxin Nitrates = Nitroglycerin Ergot Derivatives = Ergotamine Triptans = Sumatriptan Direct acting Cholinergic Agonist = Bethanechol Indirect acting Cholinergic Agonist = Pyridostigmine, Donepezil Anticholinergic agents = Atropine Hydantoins = Phenytoin Barbiturates = Phenobarbital Benzodiazepines = Diazepam Succinimides = Ethosuximide Neurotransmitter Inhibitor = Valproic acid Partial Seizures = Carbamazepine Dopaminergic = Levodopa Adjunctive Agents = Entacapone, Tolcapone Central acting Skeletal Muscle = Baclofen Direct acting Skeletal muscle = Dantrolene Narcotic Agonists = Morphine Narcotic Agonist-Antagonists = Pentazocine Narcotic Antagonist = Naloxone Bisphosphonates = Alendronate Anti-impotence agents = Sildenafil Antitussives = Dextromethorphan Oral Decongestants = Pseudoephedrine Topical Nasal Decongestants = Ephedrine Topical Steroid Nasal Decongestants = Flunisolide Antihistamines = Diphenhydramine Expectorants = Guaifenesin Mucolytics = Acetylcysteine Bronchodilators/Antiasthmatics = Aminophylline Inhaled Steroids = Budesonide Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist = Zafirlukast Mast Cell Stabilizers = Cromolyn HMG-CoA-Reductase Inhibitors = Atorvastatin Kayexalate = Sodium polystyrene Gas = Nitrous oxide Volatile Liquids = Halothane Local anesthetic agent: esters = Benzocaine Local anesthetic agent: amides = Lidocaine Non depolarizing = Pancuronium Depolarizing = Succinylcholine Penicillins = Amoxicillin Cephalosporins = Cefadroxil, Cefaclor Carbapenems = Ertapenem, Imipenem Tetracyclines = Doxycycline, Tetracycline Macrolides = Erythromycin Lincosamides = Clindamycin Aminoglycosides = Gentamicin Sulfonamides = Cotrimoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim Fluoroquinolones = Ciprofloxacin Antimycobacterial = Isoniazid, Rifampin Antivirals = Acyclovir, Rimantadine
Which of the following is a Loop Diuretic?
Which of the following is a Loop Diuretic?
What medication is classified as a Thiazide diuretic?
What medication is classified as a Thiazide diuretic?
Chlorothiazide
List two examples of Anticoagulants.
List two examples of Anticoagulants.
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Which drug is an Antiplatelet medication?
Which drug is an Antiplatelet medication?
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What is the generic name for Nitrates?
What is the generic name for Nitrates?
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The medication __________ is known as a Calcium Channel Blocker.
The medication __________ is known as a Calcium Channel Blocker.
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What drug is a common Antihistamine?
What drug is a common Antihistamine?
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Study Notes
Diuretics
- Loop Diuretics: Furosemide used to promote diuresis.
- Thiazide Diuretics: Chlorothiazide helps lower blood pressure by reducing fluid volume.
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone retains potassium while promoting diuresis.
Anticoagulants
- General Anticoagulants: Heparin and warfarin are used to prevent blood clotting.
- Low Molecular Weight Heparin: Enoxaparin is a safer alternative to heparin with easier dosing.
- Anticoagulant Antagonists: Protaminate sulfate and vitamin K are antidotes for anticoagulant effects.
Antiplatelet Agents
- Antiplatelets: Aspirin and clopidogrel inhibit platelet aggregation, reducing thrombus formation.
Thrombolytics
- Thrombolytics: Urokinase is administered to dissolve blood clots in emergencies.
Cardiovascular Medications
- ACE Inhibitors: Captopril lowers blood pressure and protects kidney function.
- Angiotensin Blockers: "Sartans" help control hypertension by blocking angiotensin II effects.
- Calcium Channel Blockers: Diltiazem and verapamil are used to treat hypertension and angina.
Cardiac Glycosides
- Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin increases heart contractility and regulates heart rate.
Nitrates
- Nitrates: Nitroglycerin relieves angina by dilating blood vessels.
Migraine Treatments
- Ergot Derivatives: Ergotamine is used to treat migraines by constricting blood vessels.
- Triptans: Sumatriptan relieves acute migraine symptoms through vasoconstriction.
Cholinergic Agents
- Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist: Bethanechol stimulates bladder contractions.
- Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pyridostigmine and donepezil improve conditions like myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's.
- Anticholinergic Agents: Atropine is used to increase heart rate and decrease secretions.
Seizure Medications
- Hydantoins: Phenytoin is used for seizure control, affecting sodium channels.
- Barbiturates: Phenobarbital serves as a sedative and anticonvulsant.
- Benzodiazepines: Diazepam treats anxiety and seizures by enhancing GABA effects.
- Succinimides: Ethosuximide is effective for absence seizures.
- Dopaminergic Agents: Levodopa improves symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
- Adjunctive Agents: Entacapone and tolcapone enhance the effects of levodopa.
Muscle Relaxants
- Central Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Baclofen alleviates muscle spasticity.
- Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene treats severe muscle spasms.
Pain Management
- Narcotic Agonists: Morphine offers potent pain relief.
- Narcotic Agonist-Antagonists: Pentazocine provides pain relief with a lower abuse potential.
- Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdoses.
Endocrine and Gastrointestinal Medications
- Biphosphonates: Alendronate treats osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption.
- Anti-impotence Agents: Sildenafil enhances erection through increased blood flow.
- Antitussives: Dextromethorphan suppresses cough reflex.
Decongestants
- Oral Decongestants: Pseudoephedrine relieves nasal congestion.
- Topical Nasal Decongestants: Ephedrine promotes vasoconstriction in nasal passages.
- Topical Steroid Nasal Decongestant: Flunisolide reduces inflammation in nasal mucosa.
Respiratory Medications
- Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine alleviates allergic reactions.
- Expectorants: Guaifenesin helps clear mucus from the airways.
- Mucolytics: Acetylcysteine breaks down mucus viscosity for easier expectoration.
- Bronchodilators/Antiasthmatic: Aminophylline relaxes bronchial muscles for asthma relief.
- Inhaled Steroids: Budesonide reduces airway inflammation.
- Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist: Zafirlukast helps manage asthma symptoms.
- Mast Cell Stabilizer: Cromolyn prevents histamine release and eosinophil infiltration.
Antibiotics
- Penicillins: Amoxicillin is effective against various bacterial infections.
- Cephalosporins: Cefadroxil and cefaclor are broad-spectrum antibiotics.
- Carbapenems: Ertapenem and imipenem are used for severe infections.
- Tetracyclines: Doxycycline and tetracycline are effective for a variety of infections.
- Macrolides: Erythromycin is used for respiratory tract infections.
- Lincosamides: Clindamycin treats anaerobic infections.
- Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin is effective against serious gram-negative infections.
- Sulfonamides: Cotrimoxazole is a combination antibiotic effective against a range of bacteria.
- Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin treats a variety of infections by inhibiting DNA replication.
Antimicrobials and Antivirals
- Antimycobacterials: Isoniazid and rifampin are used to treat tuberculosis.
- Antivirals: Acyclovir and rimantadine are effective against viral infections.
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Description
This quiz covers various classes of cardiovascular medications, including diuretics, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytics. Test your knowledge on their mechanisms of action, uses, and specific examples like Furosemide and Aspirin.
