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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of pharmacotherapeutics?
What is the primary focus of pharmacotherapeutics?
Which category of drug safety during pregnancy indicates no risk?
Which category of drug safety during pregnancy indicates no risk?
What does pharmacodynamics primarily study?
What does pharmacodynamics primarily study?
Which option best describes the term 'biotransformation'?
Which option best describes the term 'biotransformation'?
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What is a common goal in pharmacology?
What is a common goal in pharmacology?
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What are the MS Rights of Medication primarily concerned with?
What are the MS Rights of Medication primarily concerned with?
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What type of medications does the acronym HAMS refer to?
What type of medications does the acronym HAMS refer to?
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Which of the following drug routes allows for 100% absorption?
Which of the following drug routes allows for 100% absorption?
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Study Notes
Overview of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their effects, and the biological impacts of chemical substances.
- It involves the preparation, usage, and effects of drugs.
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacotherapeutics: Focuses on using drugs to treat, prevent, or diagnose diseases.
- Pharmacokinetics: Studies how drugs move within the body.
- Pharmacodynamics: Examines the responses of the body to drugs.
- Toxicokinetics & Toxicodynamics: Explore the movement and effects of toxic substances.
Drug Characteristics
- Drug: A chemical substance used for treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of diseases.
- Excretion routes: Includes gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory tracts.
Forms of Drugs
- Oral: Taken through the digestive system.
- Inhalation: Administered via the respiratory system.
- Topical: Absorbed through the skin.
- Parenteral: Encompasses injectable forms with 100% absorption.
Biotransformation & Half Life
- Biotransformation: Process of how drugs are metabolized in the body.
- Half-life: The time it takes for the drug concentration to reduce by half, which varies based on dosage (mg).
Pregnancy and Drug Safety
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Drug Categories:
- Category A: No risk to the fetus.
- Category B: Minimal risk or no studies conducted.
- Category C: Risks identified.
- Category D: Well-documented risks.
- Category X: Contraindicated in pregnancy.
Desired Drug Properties
- Ideal drugs should be reversible, predictable, inexpensive, simple, and devoid of adverse effects or interactions.
Patient Safety Protocols
- Ensure patient identity and effective communication.
- Implement fall prevention strategies.
- Utilize high-alert medications (HAMS) and minimize look-alike/sound-alike medications (LASA).
Goals of Pharmacology
- Harness natural sources (plants, animals, inorganic) and synthetic sources for drug development.
- Aim for drug safety, effectiveness, and selectivity.
Drug Evaluation Process
- Preclinical Trials: Attack efficacy and safety through testing on animals prior to human trials.
Rights of Medication Administration
- Rights include ensuring the correct patient, dose, route, medication, and timing.
Adverse Effects of Drugs
- Primary Effects: The intended therapeutic outcomes.
- Secondary Effects: A variety of unintended effects.
- Hypersensitivity: Exaggerated responses to the drug.
Regulatory Framework
- Republic Act 2382: Authorizes only physicians to prescribe medications.
- Republic Act 5921 (Pharmacy Law): Permits only registered pharmacists to dispense and sell medications.
Measurement Systems
- Metric System: Legal standard of measurement for drug dosages.
- Apothecary System: A historical system based on weights for measuring medications.
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Description
Test your knowledge of pharmacology, including the study of drugs, their effects, and their uses in medicine. This quiz covers key concepts such as pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Enhance your understanding of how drugs interact with biological systems.
