Pharmacology: Drug Associations and Side Effects

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Questions and Answers

What should be administered if a patient experiences drug toxicity from magnesium sulfate due to hypotension?

Normal saline

Potassium chloride

Sodium bicarbonate

Calcium gluconate (correct)

Which symptom is associated with magnesium sulfate toxicity that would indicate the need for intervention?

Increased appetite

Improved blood pressure

Absent patellar reflex (correct)

Elevated heart rate

What is indicated by a hypersensitivity reaction to a drug?

Neural response

Placebo effect

Toxic reaction

Immunologic reaction (correct)

What precaution should be taken when administering IV drugs regarding allergies?

Perform a skin test for potential allergies Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient with multiple food allergies, what should the healthcare provider do?

Consult with a doctor regarding potential drug allergies Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a client vomits after medication administration?

Immediately report to the charge nurse or MD. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common route of medication administration?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

What does 'right assessment' indicate in medication administration?

Collecting appropriate data before drug administration. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a client refuses medication?

Determine the reason for refusal and facilitate compliance. Signup and view all the answers

Which dosage frequency represents administration four times a day?

q.i.d. Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly known side effect of antibiotics?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the chemical name of a drug?

N-methyl-3phenyl-propylamine Signup and view all the answers

What does drug toxicity refer to?

Adverse effects resulting from overdose Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to evaluate a patient regularly when administering medication?

To prevent overdoses or evaluate side effects Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient corresponds with the generic name Acetaminophen?

N-acetyl-p-aminophenol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a sign of drug toxicity?

Increased energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is an unintended effect of a drug known as?

Adverse effect Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if a patient is incorrectly dosed with medication?

Potential overdose and toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What does the right evaluation ensure when administering medication?

The effectiveness of the medication is determined by the client's response. Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse verify the identity of a client when the identification bracelet is missing?

Have the client state his or her name without prompting. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the right client education is true?

Client education should ensure that the client understands the purpose of their medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the required frequency for medication as indicated by 'Every 6hrs q6h'?

Every 6 hours. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the steps to ensure the right client is identified?

Confirming identity by asking a random question unrelated to the client. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dosage for paracetamol if administered when necessary?

500mg every 4 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication order is applicable for a one-time administration?

One time Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if they find an illegible medication order?

Question or clarify the order Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of registered nurses (RNs)?

RNs are responsible for the administration of what they prepare Signup and view all the answers

In the context of drug administration, what does 'PRN' mean?

Administered as needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested frequency and duration of administration for the standing order cephalexin?

Three times a day for 7 days Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is categorized as an illegal drug according to the information provided?

Methamphetamine hydrochloride (shabu) Signup and view all the answers

What action must an RN take if a patient's temperature is below 38.5 degrees Celsius and medication is scheduled?

Hold off on administering the medication Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Classification and Naming

Drugs from the original country of manufacture can vary in efficacy and safety.
Side effects are unintended effects, such as diarrhea or nausea from antibiotics.
Adverse effects refer to severe side effects; patients must be re-evaluated to monitor for these.
Brand names (e.g., Panadol, Biogesic) often refer to the same medication with identical effects.

Drug Naming Conventions

Chemical names describe the drug's atomic or molecular structure (e.g., Acetaminophen: 4-hydroxyacetanilide).
Generic names denoting the drug class (e.g., Paracetamol) may differ from brand names but indicate the same substance.

Drug Toxicity

Occurs from overdosage or accumulation in the bloodstream, leading to serious health risks.
Example signs of drug toxicity include hepatotoxicity (liver damage) and necrotoxicity (kidney damage).
Monitoring for symptoms is crucial, especially in vulnerable populations like pregnant women.

Drug Allergies

Allergic reactions signify immunity responses; skin tests for IV drugs are advisable.
Patient history is essential to identify potential allergies with oral medications.

Legal Framework

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 regulates drug enforcement in the Philippines, particularly for illegal substances like shabu and marijuana.
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) plays a significant role in implementing drug laws.

Principles of Drug Administration

Substances are administered for diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention.
RN responsibilities include proper knowledge of medications, verification of dosages, and ensuring administration is completed as prescribed.

Rights of Medication Administration

Right dose: Correct dosage is crucial for patient safety.
Right route: Proper absorption necessitates administering via the right route (oral, sublingual, topical, etc.).
Right time: Timely administration is critical, with dosages based on specific schedules (e.g., b.i.d, t.i.d).
Right client: Patient identity verification ensures correct medication delivery.
Right client education: Patients must understand the purpose and side effects of their medications.

Refusal of Medication

Clients have the right to refuse medication. Nurses should determine reasons for refusal and encourage proper medication adherence.
Documentation of refusal with patient's signature may be required.

Evaluation and Assessment

Right assessment requires gathering relevant patient data before drug administration.
Right evaluation assesses the drug's effectiveness based on the patient’s response post-administration.

Key Administrative Protocols

Nurses must not leave medications unattended at the bedside.
Immediate concerns such as patient vomiting must be documented and reported promptly.
Orders should be legible, and nurses should confirm any unclear instructions or calculations with colleagues.

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Description

This quiz covers the origins of pharmaceutical drugs and their effects, including primary and secondary effects. It highlights specific examples like paracetamol and the common side effects associated with antibiotic use. Test your knowledge on these vital aspects of pharmacology!