Pharmacology Quiz: Drug Effects and Indications
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

  • Inhibition of protein synthesis
  • Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
  • Disruption of DNA replication
  • Blocking the synthesis of folic acid (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of macrolides?

  • Broad-spectrum on Gram-negative bacteria
  • Effective against mycoplasma, Legionella, and Chlamydia (correct)
  • Effective against Staphylococcus
  • Inhibit viral replication

    • Which statement regarding a drug's therapeutic margin is accurate?

  • It is the same as the drug's half-life
  • It is the difference between minimum toxic and maximum therapeutic dose
  • It is the difference between maximum effective and minimum effective dose
  • It is the difference between minimum toxic and minimum therapeutic dose (correct)

    • What therapeutic effects do glucocorticoids have?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiallergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is considered a known enzyme inhibitor?

    <p>Topiramate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) of paracetamol?

    <p>Interstitial nephritis/hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pregnancy, which of the following antibiotics is generally considered safe?

    <p>Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam (Keppra)?

    <p>Binding of SV2A protein in synaptic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse drug reaction of tricyclic antidepressants?

    <p>Anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary indication for the use of cholinolytics?

    <p>Atropine intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?

    <p>Blockade of 5-HT2 and postsynaptic dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of tetracycline antibiotics?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?

    <p>Flumazenil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adverse effect of non-DHP calcium channel antagonists?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is effective in treating neuropathic pain?

    <p>Pregabalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has the unique side effect of producing an orange-red urine discoloration?

    <p>Rifampicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is primarily used for the treatment of an angina attack?

    <p>Nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of Clonidine?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is specifically used for intracellular organisms?

    <p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the therapeutic index?

    <p>Ratio between lethal and mean effective doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is known to be an enzyme inducer?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is commonly used as a combined drug for treating hypertension?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with SSRIs?

    <p>Serotonin Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about antipyretic analgesics?

    <p>They provide relief from pain, fever, and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known for its antiseptic and hemostatic effect?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide dilute solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of antimuscarinic drugs?

    <p>Chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an adverse effect of Aspirin?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is considered a mucolytic?

    <p>Acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pharmacological effect does Chlonidine have?

    <p>Antihypertensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is associated with dihydropyridine calcium antagonists?

    <p>Swelling of the ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action do cardiac glycosides perform?

    <p>Inhibition of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a selective COX-2 inhibitor?

    <p>Celecoxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Decrease angiotensin II and increase bradykinin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse drug reaction of nitrous oxide?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical therapeutic dosage for Digoxin?

    <p>0.25 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these agents is known as a drug enzyme inducer?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an effect of prolonged nitroglycerin intake?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is involved in Phase I drug metabolism?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with morphine?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with penicillin?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Beta Blockers

    • Used to treat angina attacks
    • Can be used for other indications
    • Have several side effects including sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, and dizziness

    Cholinolytics

    • Have two major indications

    Pethioline

    • Has spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle
    • Has shorter action than morphine

    Tetracyclines

    • Have several ADRs
    • Hepatotoxicity
    • Can affect bone growth in children
    • Can lead to yellow-brown teeth

    Atypical Antipsychotics

    • Mechanism of action is blocking 5-HT2 receptors and blocking postsynaptic DA receptors (more than D2).

    Benzodiazepine Antidote

    • Flumazenil

    4th Generation Cephalosporins

    • Include Cefepim and Cefpirom

    Clonidine

    • Used to treat hypertension
    • Has some adverse reactions

    Acetylcholine

    • Has two major indications
    • Paralytic ileus
    • Atropine intoxication

    Rifampicin

    • Can lead to orange-red urine and hepatotoxicity

    Neuropathic Pain

    • Drugs that can be used: Pregabalin and Gabapentin

    Non-DHP Calcium Channel Antagonists

    • Have some side effects including bradycardia, constipation and heart failure

    M-Cholinolytics

    • Stimulate bronchial fibers of the vagus nerve
    • This can lead to broncoconstriction and secretion of mucus

    Solutio Hydrogeni Peroxydi Diluta

    • Has antiseptic and hemostatic effects

    Macrolides

    • Effective against mycoplasma, Legionella and Chlamydia

    Antimuscarinic Drugs

    • Main indication is chronic broncho-obstructive diseases

    Adverse Effects of Aspirin

    • Hypotension is NOT a common adverse effect

    Mucolytic Agent

    • Aceytlcysteine

    Pharmacological Effect of Clonidine

    • Antihypertensive

    Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists

    • Can lead to swelling of the ankles

    Drug Induced Parkinson's

    • Can be caused by: Methyldopa, Amiodarone, and Haloperidol

    Local Anesthetics

    • Have peripheral effects
    • Not specified in text

    Validproate

    • Has mechanism of action:
      • Decreases cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
      • Enzym inhibitor
    • Can lead to hair loss, weight gain, and hepatotoxicity

    Neurotropics

    • Increase cognitive functions
    • Augment the effect of opioids

    Cardiac Glycosides

    • Mechanism of action is inhibiting the Na+/K+ATPase

    Selective Cox2 Inhibitors

    • Include: Aspirin, Celecoxib, and Indomethacin

    Nitric Oxide

    • Can lead to hypotension, tolerance, flashing, headache, and tachycardia

    Estrogen Deficiency Signs

    • Includes diabetes or insulin resistance

    Phenytoin

    • Can lead to headaches and drowsiness

    ACE Inhibitors

    • Mechanism of action:
      • Decrease angiotensin II
      • Increase bradykinin Levels

    Digoxin Dosage

    • 0.25 mg

    Nitrous Oxide

    • Can lead to hypotension, tolerance, flashing, headache, and tachycardia

    Antiemetics

    • Prochlorperazine

    Toxicity

    • Overdose

    Phase I Drug Metabolism

    • Involves cytochrome P450 system
    • Converts lipophilic molecules to more polar ones
    • Includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, and hydrolysis

    Penicillin

    • Can lead to allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, and dysbacteriosis

    NSAIDs

    • Selective inhibitor

    Valproate

    • Does not affect IT
      • This is not accurate. Valproate is indeed an IT.

    Peripheral Effects of Morphine

    • Constipation

    Drug Enzyme Inducers

    • Includes:
      • Phenytoin
      • Phenobarbital
      • Ketoconazole
      • Metronidazole
      • Rifampicin
      • Carbamazepine

    Adenosine

    • Class V

    Prolonged Nitroglycerin Intake

    • Tolerance

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    Test your knowledge on various pharmacological agents, including beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics, and tetracyclines. This quiz covers their indications, mechanisms of action, and potential side effects. Sharpen your understanding of drug classifications and their therapeutic uses.

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