Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
- Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Disruption of DNA replication
- Blocking the synthesis of folic acid (correct)
What is a characteristic of macrolides?
What is a characteristic of macrolides?
- Broad-spectrum on Gram-negative bacteria
- Effective against mycoplasma, Legionella, and Chlamydia (correct)
- Effective against Staphylococcus
- Inhibit viral replication
Which statement regarding a drug's therapeutic margin is accurate?
Which statement regarding a drug's therapeutic margin is accurate?
- It is the same as the drug's half-life
- It is the difference between minimum toxic and maximum therapeutic dose
- It is the difference between maximum effective and minimum effective dose
- It is the difference between minimum toxic and minimum therapeutic dose (correct)
What therapeutic effects do glucocorticoids have?
What therapeutic effects do glucocorticoids have?
Which drug is considered a known enzyme inhibitor?
Which drug is considered a known enzyme inhibitor?
What is a potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) of paracetamol?
What is a potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) of paracetamol?
During pregnancy, which of the following antibiotics is generally considered safe?
During pregnancy, which of the following antibiotics is generally considered safe?
What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam (Keppra)?
What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam (Keppra)?
Which of the following is an adverse drug reaction of tricyclic antidepressants?
Which of the following is an adverse drug reaction of tricyclic antidepressants?
What is a primary indication for the use of cholinolytics?
What is a primary indication for the use of cholinolytics?
Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?
Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of tetracycline antibiotics?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of tetracycline antibiotics?
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
What is an adverse effect of non-DHP calcium channel antagonists?
What is an adverse effect of non-DHP calcium channel antagonists?
Which of the following drugs is effective in treating neuropathic pain?
Which of the following drugs is effective in treating neuropathic pain?
Which drug has the unique side effect of producing an orange-red urine discoloration?
Which drug has the unique side effect of producing an orange-red urine discoloration?
Which class of medications is primarily used for the treatment of an angina attack?
Which class of medications is primarily used for the treatment of an angina attack?
What is a potential side effect of Clonidine?
What is a potential side effect of Clonidine?
Which antibiotic is specifically used for intracellular organisms?
Which antibiotic is specifically used for intracellular organisms?
What describes the therapeutic index?
What describes the therapeutic index?
Which antiepileptic drug is known to be an enzyme inducer?
Which antiepileptic drug is known to be an enzyme inducer?
Which diuretic is commonly used as a combined drug for treating hypertension?
Which diuretic is commonly used as a combined drug for treating hypertension?
What is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with SSRIs?
What is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with SSRIs?
Which of the following statements is true about antipyretic analgesics?
Which of the following statements is true about antipyretic analgesics?
Which drug is known for its antiseptic and hemostatic effect?
Which drug is known for its antiseptic and hemostatic effect?
What is the primary indication for the use of antimuscarinic drugs?
What is the primary indication for the use of antimuscarinic drugs?
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of Aspirin?
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of Aspirin?
Which agent is considered a mucolytic?
Which agent is considered a mucolytic?
What pharmacological effect does Chlonidine have?
What pharmacological effect does Chlonidine have?
Which adverse reaction is associated with dihydropyridine calcium antagonists?
Which adverse reaction is associated with dihydropyridine calcium antagonists?
What action do cardiac glycosides perform?
What action do cardiac glycosides perform?
Which medication is a selective COX-2 inhibitor?
Which medication is a selective COX-2 inhibitor?
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
Which of the following is a potential adverse drug reaction of nitrous oxide?
Which of the following is a potential adverse drug reaction of nitrous oxide?
What is the typical therapeutic dosage for Digoxin?
What is the typical therapeutic dosage for Digoxin?
Which of these agents is known as a drug enzyme inducer?
Which of these agents is known as a drug enzyme inducer?
Which of the following is NOT an effect of prolonged nitroglycerin intake?
Which of the following is NOT an effect of prolonged nitroglycerin intake?
Which reaction is involved in Phase I drug metabolism?
Which reaction is involved in Phase I drug metabolism?
What is a common adverse effect associated with morphine?
What is a common adverse effect associated with morphine?
Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with penicillin?
Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with penicillin?
Study Notes
Beta Blockers
- Used to treat angina attacks
- Can be used for other indications
- Have several side effects including sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, and dizziness
Cholinolytics
- Have two major indications
Pethioline
- Has spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle
- Has shorter action than morphine
Tetracyclines
- Have several ADRs
- Hepatotoxicity
- Can affect bone growth in children
- Can lead to yellow-brown teeth
Atypical Antipsychotics
- Mechanism of action is blocking 5-HT2 receptors and blocking postsynaptic DA receptors (more than D2).
Benzodiazepine Antidote
- Flumazenil
4th Generation Cephalosporins
- Include Cefepim and Cefpirom
Clonidine
- Used to treat hypertension
- Has some adverse reactions
Acetylcholine
- Has two major indications
- Paralytic ileus
- Atropine intoxication
Rifampicin
- Can lead to orange-red urine and hepatotoxicity
Neuropathic Pain
- Drugs that can be used: Pregabalin and Gabapentin
Non-DHP Calcium Channel Antagonists
- Have some side effects including bradycardia, constipation and heart failure
M-Cholinolytics
- Stimulate bronchial fibers of the vagus nerve
- This can lead to broncoconstriction and secretion of mucus
Solutio Hydrogeni Peroxydi Diluta
- Has antiseptic and hemostatic effects
Macrolides
- Effective against mycoplasma, Legionella and Chlamydia
Antimuscarinic Drugs
- Main indication is chronic broncho-obstructive diseases
Adverse Effects of Aspirin
- Hypotension is NOT a common adverse effect
Mucolytic Agent
- Aceytlcysteine
Pharmacological Effect of Clonidine
- Antihypertensive
Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists
- Can lead to swelling of the ankles
Drug Induced Parkinson's
- Can be caused by: Methyldopa, Amiodarone, and Haloperidol
Local Anesthetics
- Have peripheral effects
- Not specified in text
Validproate
- Has mechanism of action:
- Decreases cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
- Enzym inhibitor
- Can lead to hair loss, weight gain, and hepatotoxicity
Neurotropics
- Increase cognitive functions
- Augment the effect of opioids
Cardiac Glycosides
- Mechanism of action is inhibiting the Na+/K+ATPase
Selective Cox2 Inhibitors
- Include: Aspirin, Celecoxib, and Indomethacin
Nitric Oxide
- Can lead to hypotension, tolerance, flashing, headache, and tachycardia
Estrogen Deficiency Signs
- Includes diabetes or insulin resistance
Phenytoin
- Can lead to headaches and drowsiness
ACE Inhibitors
- Mechanism of action:
- Decrease angiotensin II
- Increase bradykinin Levels
Digoxin Dosage
- 0.25 mg
Nitrous Oxide
- Can lead to hypotension, tolerance, flashing, headache, and tachycardia
Antiemetics
- Prochlorperazine
Toxicity
- Overdose
Phase I Drug Metabolism
- Involves cytochrome P450 system
- Converts lipophilic molecules to more polar ones
- Includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, and hydrolysis
Penicillin
- Can lead to allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, and dysbacteriosis
NSAIDs
- Selective inhibitor
Valproate
- Does not affect IT
- This is not accurate. Valproate is indeed an IT.
Peripheral Effects of Morphine
- Constipation
Drug Enzyme Inducers
- Includes:
- Phenytoin
- Phenobarbital
- Ketoconazole
- Metronidazole
- Rifampicin
- Carbamazepine
Adenosine
- Class V
Prolonged Nitroglycerin Intake
- Tolerance
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Description
Test your knowledge on various pharmacological agents, including beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics, and tetracyclines. This quiz covers their indications, mechanisms of action, and potential side effects. Sharpen your understanding of drug classifications and their therapeutic uses.
