Y1S2 002 I Pharmacology: Understanding Drug Effects on the Body
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

  • The chemical structure of drugs and their synthesis
  • The process of drug metabolism and excretion
  • How the body absorbs and distributes drugs
  • The effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action in the body (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of action of a drug that binds to particular target proteins?

  • Receptor binding (correct)
  • Physical action
  • Ion channel modulation
  • Chemical action

    • What is an example of a replacement drug mechanism of action?

  • Epinephrine in allergic reactions
  • Antacids in gastrointestinal disorders
  • Insulin in diabetes mellitus (correct)
  • Benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders

    • What is the term for the effects of a drug that increases heart rate?

    <p>Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of a drug that works by inhibiting an enzyme?

    <p>Enzyme inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of what the body does to the drug?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of an agonist?

    <p>To bind to receptors and elicit a tissue response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the degree to which a drug binds to and remains bound to a receptor?

    <p>Affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a partial agonist binding to a receptor?

    <p>A below par response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of drug required to produce an effect of given intensity?

    <p>Potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an antagonist?

    <p>To bind to receptors without producing a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a drug having high affinity and low intrinsic activity?

    <p>A partial agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of an agonist to initiate changes once bound to a receptor known as?

    <p>Efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the receptors that are not occupied by a very potent agonist?

    <p>Spare Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agonist is morphine?

    <p>Agonist of Cell Surface Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Dose-Response curve?

    <p>To differentiate between agonists based on their potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concentration of an agonist that produces a half-maximal response?

    <p>ED50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a highly potent agonist on the response at low doses?

    <p>It produces a large response at low doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of receptors on the cell surface being exposed to agonists for too long?

    <p>Down-regulation of receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?

    <p>TD50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of receptor that is linked to tyrosine kinase?

    <p>Insulin receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of homeostatic responses to a drug?

    <p>Nullification of the drug's effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the Therapeutic Index (TI) when calculating drug safety?

    <p>TI = TD50 / ED50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of each receptor type based on its molecular structure, coupling and effector?

    <p>They are all different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a reversible drug?

    <p>It can be unbound from the receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist DR curve?

    <p>It produces a slight dextral shift in the curve at low concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

    <p>Tachyphylaxis occurs over minutes, while tolerance occurs over days and weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of competitive antagonism?

    <p>The agonist and antagonist compete for receptor binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increasing the concentration of the agonist in the presence of a competitive antagonist?

    <p>The response from the tissue increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of change in receptors that occurs in tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

    <p>It occurs in receptors directly coupled to ion-channels and second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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