Y1S2 002 I Pharmacology: Understanding Drug Effects on the Body

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

The chemical structure of drugs and their synthesis
The process of drug metabolism and excretion
How the body absorbs and distributes drugs
The effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action in the body (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of a drug that binds to particular target proteins?

Receptor binding (correct)
Physical action
Ion channel modulation
Chemical action

What is an example of a replacement drug mechanism of action?

Epinephrine in allergic reactions
Antacids in gastrointestinal disorders
Insulin in diabetes mellitus (correct)
Benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders

What is the term for the effects of a drug that increases heart rate?

Stimulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of a drug that works by inhibiting an enzyme?

Enzyme inhibition (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of what the body does to the drug?

Pharmacokinetics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of an agonist?

To bind to receptors and elicit a tissue response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the degree to which a drug binds to and remains bound to a receptor?

Affinity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a partial agonist binding to a receptor?

A below par response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of drug required to produce an effect of given intensity?

Potency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an antagonist?

To bind to receptors without producing a response (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a drug having high affinity and low intrinsic activity?

A partial agonist (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of an agonist to initiate changes once bound to a receptor known as?

Efficacy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the receptors that are not occupied by a very potent agonist?

Spare Receptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of agonist is morphine?

Agonist of Cell Surface Receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Dose-Response curve?

To differentiate between agonists based on their potency (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concentration of an agonist that produces a half-maximal response?

ED50 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a highly potent agonist on the response at low doses?

It produces a large response at low doses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of receptors on the cell surface being exposed to agonists for too long?

Down-regulation of receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?

TD50 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of receptor that is linked to tyrosine kinase?

Insulin receptor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of homeostatic responses to a drug?

Nullification of the drug's effect (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the Therapeutic Index (TI) when calculating drug safety?

TI = TD50 / ED50 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of each receptor type based on its molecular structure, coupling and effector?

They are all different (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a reversible drug?

It can be unbound from the receptor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist DR curve?

It produces a slight dextral shift in the curve at low concentrations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

Tachyphylaxis occurs over minutes, while tolerance occurs over days and weeks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of competitive antagonism?

The agonist and antagonist compete for receptor binding sites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increasing the concentration of the agonist in the presence of a competitive antagonist?

The response from the tissue increases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of change in receptors that occurs in tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

It occurs in receptors directly coupled to ion-channels and second messengers (B) Signup and view all the answers