30 Questions
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
The effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action in the body
What is the mechanism of action of a drug that binds to particular target proteins?
Receptor binding
What is an example of a replacement drug mechanism of action?
Insulin in diabetes mellitus
What is the term for the effects of a drug that increases heart rate?
Stimulation
What is the mechanism of action of a drug that works by inhibiting an enzyme?
Enzyme inhibition
What is the term for the study of what the body does to the drug?
Pharmacokinetics
What is the primary role of an agonist?
To bind to receptors and elicit a tissue response
What is the term for the degree to which a drug binds to and remains bound to a receptor?
Affinity
What is the result of a partial agonist binding to a receptor?
A below par response
What is the term for the amount of drug required to produce an effect of given intensity?
Potency
What is the function of an antagonist?
To bind to receptors without producing a response
What is the result of a drug having high affinity and low intrinsic activity?
A partial agonist
What is the ability of an agonist to initiate changes once bound to a receptor known as?
Efficacy
What is the term for the receptors that are not occupied by a very potent agonist?
Spare Receptors
What type of agonist is morphine?
Agonist of Cell Surface Receptors
What is the purpose of a Dose-Response curve?
To differentiate between agonists based on their potency
What is the term for the concentration of an agonist that produces a half-maximal response?
ED50
What is the effect of a highly potent agonist on the response at low doses?
It produces a large response at low doses
What is the result of receptors on the cell surface being exposed to agonists for too long?
Down-regulation of receptors
What is the term for the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?
TD50
What is the type of receptor that is linked to tyrosine kinase?
Insulin receptor
What is the result of homeostatic responses to a drug?
Nullification of the drug's effect
What is the formula for the Therapeutic Index (TI) when calculating drug safety?
TI = TD50 / ED50
What is the characteristic of each receptor type based on its molecular structure, coupling and effector?
They are all different
What is the characteristic of a reversible drug?
It can be unbound from the receptor
What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist DR curve?
It produces a slight dextral shift in the curve at low concentrations
What is the difference between tachyphylaxis and tolerance?
Tachyphylaxis occurs over minutes, while tolerance occurs over days and weeks
What is the mechanism of competitive antagonism?
The agonist and antagonist compete for receptor binding sites
What is the result of increasing the concentration of the agonist in the presence of a competitive antagonist?
The response from the tissue increases
What is the mechanism of change in receptors that occurs in tachyphylaxis and tolerance?
It occurs in receptors directly coupled to ion-channels and second messengers
Learn about pharmacodynamics, the branch of pharmacology that studies the effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action in the body. Discover how drugs interact with target proteins and affect physiological function.
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