Pharmacology of the Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in the regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • ACh (correct)
  • Dopamine
  • Glutamate
  • Serotonin

    • What is the result of stimulating alpha-adrenoreceptors throughout the body?

  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased salivation
  • Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure (correct)
  • Decreased blood pressure

    • Which of the following alpha-blockers is only selective for α1 receptors?

  • Phenoxybenzamine
  • Phentolamine
  • Doxazosin (correct)
  • Tamsulosin

    • What is the function of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in noradrenergic synaptic transmission?

    <p>To regulate the exocytosis of vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Decreased vasoconstrictor tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Regulation of digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which β-blockers reduce cardiac output and blood pressure?

    <p>Decreased vascular tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following β-blockers is considered cardio-selective?

    <p>Atenolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Labetalol over other β-blockers?

    <p>It has fewer side effects than other β-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which noradrenergic signalling is terminated?

    <p>Simple diffusion away from the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Tamsulosin?

    <p>Treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are β-blockers no longer recommended as first-line treatment for hypertension?

    <p>NICE no longer recommends them as first-line treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which doxazosin and tamsulosin reduce blood pressure?

    <p>Decreasing vascular tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between non-selective and β-selective β-blockers?

    <p>The type of receptors blocked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using β1-subtype selective β-blockers?

    <p>Fewer side effects due to reduced β2 receptor blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of atenolol?

    <p>Treatment of disturbances in cardiac rhythm, myocardial infarction, and angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Noradrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which labetalol reduces arterial blood pressure?

    <p>Blocking both α and β receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using labetalol over other β-blockers?

    <p>Fewer side effects due to α-receptor blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which α-adrenergic receptor antagonists cause a decrease in blood pressure?

    <p>By blocking sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vesicle fusion with the nerve terminal membrane in noradrenergic synaptic transmission?

    <p>To exocytose noradrenaline into the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical application of α-adrenergic receptor antagonists?

    <p>To treat hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between non-selective and selective α-blockers?

    <p>Their selectivity for α1 and α2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of selective α-blockers over non-selective α-blockers?

    <p>They have a decreased risk of reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which α-adrenergic receptor antagonists reduce sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone?

    <p>By blocking the binding of noradrenaline to α-adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using selective α-blockers over non-selective α-blockers?

    <p>They have a lower risk of reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Noradrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in noradrenergic synaptic transmission?

    <p>To regulate the release of noradrenaline from vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which noradrenaline is released from vesicles in noradrenergic synaptic transmission?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of α-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To regulate vasoconstriction and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which doxazosin and tamsulosin reduce vascular tone?

    <p>Blocking α-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of β1-subtype selective β-blockers over non-selective β-blockers?

    <p>They have fewer side effects on the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which labetalol reduces arterial blood pressure?

    <p>Blocking α-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between non-selective and selective α-blockers?

    <p>Non-selective α-blockers block both α1 and α2 receptors, while selective α-blockers only block α1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which noradrenergic signalling is terminated in the synapse?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why β-blockers are no longer recommended as first-line treatment for hypertension?

    <p>They are not recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which non-selective β-blockers reduce cardiac output and blood pressure?

    <p>Decrease in force and frequency of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which β-blocker is used to treat stable congestive heart failure?

    <p>Labetalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which doxazosin and tamsulosin reduce blood pressure?

    <p>Blockade of α-adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which α-adrenergic receptor antagonists reduce blood pressure in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>By blocking sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using β1-subtype selective β-blockers?

    <p>Fewer side effects on the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key point at which drugs might interfere with the process of chemical synaptic transmission in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Diffusion of noradrenaline across the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are non-selective β-blockers no longer recommended as first-line treatment for hypertension?

    <p>They have more side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using selective α-blockers over non-selective α-blockers?

    <p>They have a decreased risk of reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which noradrenergic signalling is terminated in the synapse?

    <p>Simple diffusion away from the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which noradrenaline is released from vesicles in noradrenergic synaptic transmission?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical application of α-adrenergic receptor antagonists?

    <p>Treatment of hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between non-selective and selective α-blockers?

    <p>Non-selective α-blockers block both α1 and α2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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