Questions and Answers
What is a significant risk associated with the use of terbutaline during pregnancy?
What is the function of bismuth subsalicylate?
What common vitamin deficiency can result from pregnancy and alcohol abuse?
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with venous thromboembolism?
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What is a primary use of misoprostol in patients?
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What is a known side effect associated with the use of norethindrone?
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What is the risk associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
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What is the primary mechanism by which sildenafil works?
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What effects can ondansetron potentially have on the cardiovascular system?
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What is a necessary action when using total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for causing contractions in the uterus and is often administered during delivery?
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What medication is used to manage benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and may lead to sexual dysfunction as a side effect?
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Which medication used for ulcerative colitis can potentially cause hepatotoxicity?
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What is the primary action of orlistat in the treatment of obesity?
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Which type of medication is specifically chosen based on the time elapsed since unprotected intercourse for emergency contraception?
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What medication is indicated for chronic constipation in patients with advanced cancer who are receiving opioids?
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Which class of medications is used to slow disease progression and may cause severe side effects, including bone marrow suppression?
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Which medication is known to prevent the conversion of testosterone, leading to a reduction in prostate size?
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What vitamin is safe in recommended doses during pregnancy but can cause malformation if taken in excess?
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What is the primary concern associated with the use of alendronate in patients with osteoporosis?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Contractions
- Oxytocin is produced by the pituitary gland and induces smooth muscle contractions in the uterus.
- Administered during delivery to regulate contractions and post-delivery to prevent hemorrhaging.
- Common side effect: rapid, painful contractions.
Medications for BPH
- Finasteride alleviates symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as nocturia.
- Side effects may include sexual dysfunction and impaired infertility.
Ulcerative Colitis Treatment
- Sulfasalazine is used for ulcerative colitis but may cause hepatotoxicity.
- Caution is advised for patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment.
Obesity Management
- Orlistat is a medication prescribed for obesity management.
Emergency Contraception
- Emergency contraception effectiveness relies on the time elapsed since intercourse.
Chronic Constipation Treatment in Cancer
- Methylnaltrexone is used for managing chronic constipation in patients on opioids.
Antacids
- Antacids provide temporary relief from heartburn with an onset of action between 20-40 minutes.
- Absorption affected by other medications taken within two hours.
DMARDs
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) slow disease progression and maintain joint function.
- Often combined with NSAIDs or steroids; risks include infection and hepatic fibrosis.
Testosterone Conversion Inhibition
- 5 alpha reductase inhibitors prevent the conversion of testosterone, helping shrink an enlarged prostate.
Vitamin A and Pregnancy
- Recommended doses of vitamin A are safe during pregnancy, but excess can cause fetal malformations.
Bisphosphonates
- Alendronate, a bisphosphonate, may cause esophageal ulceration; precautions include taking with water and remaining upright for 30 minutes.
- Bone density tests assess treatment effectiveness.
Magnesium Sulfate
- Used to relax smooth muscles and delay preterm labor; overdose symptoms include confusion, muscle weakness, and sedation.
Bismuth Subsalicylate
- This medication binds to and eliminates gastrointestinal toxins.
Preterm Labor Treatment
- Terbutaline is utilized for preterm labor but has a black box warning against prolonged use during pregnancy.
Sildenafil for Erectile Dysfunction
- Sildenafil treats erectile dysfunction; it can cause priapism and is contraindicated with nitrates.
Stool Softeners
- Stool softeners increase water and fat absorption in stool.
Psyllium Mucilloid
- The first-line treatment for constipation; users should increase fluid intake.
Enteral Feedings
- Insufficient water consumption indicated by dry mucous membranes during enteral feedings.
Folic Acid Deficiency
- Pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption disorders can lead to folic acid deficiency.
H2 Receptor Antagonists
- These are utilized for treating and preventing duodenal ulcers.
Oral Contraceptives
- Effectiveness of oral contraceptives may be reduced by antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antifungal medications.
Testosterone and Breast Cancer
- Testosterone may cause velarization with secondary exposure and is used in palliative care to reduce tumor size.
Risks of Conjugated Estrogen
- Increased risk of blood clots, particularly for women over 35; contraindicated with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Tamulosin for BPH
- Tamulosin treats BPH and alleviates nocturia symptoms.
Norethindrone Administration
- Norethindrone should be taken consistently at the same time daily to maintain efficacy; side effects include photosensitivity.
Sucralfate
- Coats and heals gastric erosion without affecting acid production.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
- Contraindicated in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Block hydrochloric acid secretion; long-term use is linked to increased fracture risk.
Medroxyprogesterone
- Long-acting contraceptive given intramuscularly every three months, with increased risks for thrombolytic events.
Misoprostol
- Prevents gastric acid secretion and stimulates mucous production, primarily for peptic ulcer prevention.
Ondansetron
- Administered prior to triggers to prevent nausea; can lengthen QT interval, leading to dysrhythmias.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Must be delivered through a central line; monitor blood sugar levels and change tubing every 24 hours.
Hormone Replacement Therapy Risks
- Associated with increased risks for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), myocardial infarction (MI), and dementia.
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Description
Explore key hormones and medications affecting smooth muscle contractions and conditions like BPH and ulcerative colitis. This quiz covers the effects, side effects, and usage of oxytocin, finasteride, and medications for ulcerative colitis. Test your knowledge of these critical pharmacological concepts.
