Questions and Answers
What is the therapeutic class of Fluconazole?
Antifungal
What is the pharmacologic class of Fluconazole?
Inhibitor of fungal cell membrane synthesis; azole
What actions does Fluconazole perform against fungal infections?
Interferes with the synthesis of ergosterol
What are some advantages of Fluconazole compared to other systemic antifungals?
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What is a major disadvantage of Fluconazole?
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In which patients is Fluconazole approved for prophylaxis of fungal infections?
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What should be considered when administering IV Fluconazole?
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What are some common adverse effects of Fluconazole at high doses?
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Who should be monitored carefully when taking Fluconazole?
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In which patients is Fluconazole contraindicated?
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What is a potential interaction when Fluconazole is used with warfarin?
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What can result from concurrent administration of Fluconazole and certain oral hypoglycemics like glyburide?
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How may Fluconazole affect the levels of AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase?
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What is the specific treatment for Fluconazole overdose?
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Study Notes
Fluconazole Overview
- Therapeutic class: Antifungal.
- Pharmacologic class: Inhibitor of fungal cell membrane synthesis; belongs to the azole group.
Mechanism of Action
- Interferes with ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes.
- Rapidly and completely absorbed when administered orally.
Efficacy and Uses
- Highly effective against Candida albicans infections.
- Capable of penetrating most body membranes, including the CNS, bone, eye, urinary tract, and respiratory tract.
- Approved for prophylaxis of fungal infections in patients with AIDS, those undergoing bone marrow transplants, and those receiving antineoplastic treatments.
- Limited effectiveness against non-albicans Candida species.
Administration Protocol
- Do not mix intravenous fluconazole with other medications.
- Classified as a pregnancy category C drug.
Adverse Effects
- Generally well tolerated; possible side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, especially at high doses.
- Hepatotoxicity is rare, but caution is advised in patients with hepatic impairment.
- Risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome particularly in immunosuppressed patients.
Contraindications
- Contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to fluconazole.
- Use with caution in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to renal excretion of the drug.
Drug Interactions
- Strong inhibitor of hepatic CYP450 enzymes, increasing potential for drug interactions.
- Co-administration with warfarin may heighten bleeding risk.
- May cause hypoglycemia when used with certain oral hypoglycemics like glyburide.
- Concurrent use with rifampin or cimetidine may reduce fluconazole levels.
- Prolonged effects of fentanyl, alfentanil, or methadone may occur with simultaneous fluconazole administration.
Lab Considerations
- Monitor liver function tests; may show increased AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase values.
- No known interactions with herbal or food substances.
- Dialysis can lower serum levels in the case of overdose; no specific antidote exists for fluconazole overdose.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the pharmacological aspects of Fluconazole, also known as Diflucan. It covers its therapeutic and pharmacologic classes, as well as its actions and uses in the treatment of fungal infections. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals.
