Antifungal Agents Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which antifungal agent is derived from Capreomycin isolated from Streptomyces capreolus?

  • Lavendulus (correct)
  • Zinc Propionate
  • Sodium Caprylate
  • Propionic Acid
  • Which of the following fungal infections is categorized as a superficial mycosis?

  • Cryptococcosis
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Sporotrichosis
  • Tinea cruris (correct)
  • What function does Sebum serve in the context of dermatophytoses?

  • Antiviral agent
  • Antibiotic
  • Disinfectant
  • Antifungal agent (correct)
  • Who reported the yeastlike microorganism responsible for oral thrush (Candida albicans)?

    <p>Langenbeck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an opportunistic fungal infection?

    <p>Cryptococcosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sodium Caprylate in dermatomycoses treatment?

    <p>Antifungal agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Atovaquone (Mepron®)?

    <p>Acts as an antimetabolite and interferes with electron transport enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is indicated for the meningoencephalitic stage of West African sleeping sickness?

    <p>Eflornithine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with Nifurtimox (Lampit®) use?

    <p>Myelosuppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Sodium Stibogluconate (Pentostam)?

    <p>Treatment of various forms of leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is used specifically to control the mite Sarcoptes scabei?

    <p>Crotamiton (Eurax®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic antibacterial agents are patterned after nalidixic acid and have a fluorine atom to enhance antibacterial activity?

    <p>Fluoroquinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by fluoroquinolones to prevent DNA synthesis?

    <p>Topoisomerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for pregnant women in relation to fluoroquinolones?

    <p>They inhibit cartilage formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which first-generation quinolone is specifically mentioned as useful in treating UTIs caused by Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Nalidixic Acid (NegGram®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as an adverse effect of fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the broad-spectrum activity of Norfloxacin (Noroxin) against?

    <p>Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of nalidixic acid, the first-generation quinolone?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal agent lacks the endocrinologic effects of ketoconazole?

    <p>Itraconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for Cryptococcal meningitis?

    <p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal agent acts as a tight-binding noncompetitive inhibitor of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase?

    <p>Caspofungin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most useful nitroimidazole derivative for Amoebiasis, Trichominiasis, and Giardiasis?

    <p>Diloxanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is recommended for acute and chronic intestinal amebiasis but not effective in extraintestinal disease?

    <p>Iodoquinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common pathogenic protozoa that Metronidazole is useful against?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluoroquinolone is the most potent and considered the drug of choice for bacterial gastroenteritis caused by Gram-negative bacilli?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination is the drug of choice for disseminated gonorrhea?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin + Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is Enoxacin approved as a treatment?

    <p>Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluoroquinolone has a short-elimination half-life that dictates twice-a-day dosing for urinary tract infections?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections is Ofloxacin approved for treating?

    <p>Lower respiratory tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antifungal Agents and Fungal Infections

    • Capreomycin: Derived from Streptomyces capreolus, used to treat tuberculosis.
    • Superficial Mycosis: A fungal infection affecting the outer layers of skin, hair, and nails.
    • Sebum: Prevents dermatophytoses by creating a slightly acidic environment that inhibits fungal growth.
    • Candida albicans: The yeast responsible for oral thrush, discovered by Dr. Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.
    • Opportunistic Fungal Infections: Occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, like those with HIV/AIDS.
    • Sodium Caprylate: A fatty acid salt used in anti-fungal medications.
    • Atovaquone (Mepron®): Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport in protozoa.

    Protozoal Infections

    • West African Sleeping Sickness: Treated with Melarsoprol for the meningoencephalitic stage.
    • Nifurtimox (Lampit®): Used to treat Chagas disease. Can cause gastrointestinal disorders.
    • Sodium Stibogluconate (Pentostam): Used to treat Leishmaniasis.
    • Sarcoptes scabei: Treated with Permethrin for scabies (itch mite) infection.

    Antibacterial Agents

    • Fluoroquinolones: Synthetic antibacterial agents patterned after nalidixic acid with a fluorine atom for increased potency.
    • DNA Gyrase: Inhibited by fluoroquinolones to prevent DNA synthesis.
    • Pregnancy: Fluoroquinolones contraindicated in pregnant women due to potential for cartilage damage in the fetus.
    • Ciprofloxacin: First-generation quinolone effective against UTIs caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Adverse Effects of Fluoroquinolones: Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and headache.
    • Norfloxacin (Noroxin): Has a broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli).
    • Nalidixic Acid: Interferes with DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase.

    Specific Antifungal Treatments

    • Fluconazole: Substitute for ketoconazole, lacking endocrinologic effects.
    • Fluconazole: Drug of choice to treat Cryptococcal meningitis.
    • Nistatin: A tight-binding, noncompetitive inhibitor of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase.

    Antiprotozoal Medications

    • Metronidazole: Highly effective against Amoeba, Trichomonas, and Giardia infections.
    • Metronidazole: Recommended for intestinal amebiasis but ineffective against extraintestinal disease.
    • Metronidazole: Used to treat Entamoeba histolytica, a pathogenic protozoan.
    • Ciprofloxacin: Most potent fluoroquinolone, drug of choice for bacterial gastroenteritis.

    Additional Antibacterial Treatments and Conditions

    • Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin: Drug of choice for disseminated gonorrhea.
    • Enoxacin: Approved to treat uncomplicated UTI.
    • Ciprofloxacin: Short-elimination half-life requiring twice-a-day dosing.
    • Ofloxacin: Approved for treating a variety of infections, including UTIs, respiratory infections, and skin infections.

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    Test your knowledge on antifungal agents like Itraconazole and Fluconazole. Learn about their concentrations, treatment periods, and specific uses. Find out which antifungal medication is the drug of choice for Cryptococcal meningitis.

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