Pharmacology Laxatives and Adverse Effects

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Questions and Answers

What is a common adverse effect of Magnesium Hydroxide?

Rectal bleeding

Increased blood ammonia levels

Electrolyte imbalance (correct)

Severe abdominal pain

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of Milk of Magnesia?

Chronic constipation

Increased bowel movements

Mild rectal irritation

Low-galactose diet (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of Magnesium Hydroxide?

Blocks absorption of nutrients

Increases osmotic pressure and bowel distention (correct)

Stimulates nerve endings in the bowel

Decreases peristalsis in the intestines

Which of the following should be evaluated before administering Milk of Magnesia?

History of bowel patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom suggests a caution when considering Magnesium Hydroxide as a treatment?

Appendicitis symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of mineral oils as an emollient laxative?

Lubricates the intestines to ease stool passage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of mineral oils?

Hemorrhoids or other anorectal conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the severe adverse effects associated with the use of mineral oils?

Lipid pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should caution be taken when administering mineral oils?

Patients showing symptoms of appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of improper use of mineral oils as a weight loss aid?

Electrolyte imbalances Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of long-term use of laxatives?

Decreased bowel tone and possible dependency Signup and view all the answers

What should patients be informed not to do if they are experiencing nausea?

Use a laxative or cathartic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommendation for the administration of enteric-coated laxative tablets?

Swallow the tablets whole Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class promotes the absorption of water to increase stool bulk?

Bulk forming laxatives Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect can result from the use of bulk forming laxatives?

Gas formation Signup and view all the answers

What dietary adjustment should be encouraged as an alternative to laxative use?

High-fiber diet and increased fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom warrants contacting a prescriber when using laxatives?

Severe abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for emollient laxatives?

Promote water and fat in the stools Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for using magnesium citrate?

Chronic constipation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions contraindicates the use of magnesium citrate?

Intestinal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic class does magnesium citrate belong to?

Saline laxative Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adverse effect associated with the use of magnesium citrate?

Hypermagnesemia Signup and view all the answers

What is one way magnesium citrate functions within the gastrointestinal tract?

Increases bowel distention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid?

Absorbs water into the GI tract to increase bulk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect associated with the use of senna?

Esophageal blockage Signup and view all the answers

Which patient condition is a contraindication for using bulk-forming laxatives like psyllium?

Intestinal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic class of docusate salts?

Stool softener Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction can occur with the use of senna?

Decreases absorption of digoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe adverse effect of using psyllium?

Fluid overload Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding docusate is true?

It softens the stool by pulling water and fat into the mass Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative should be avoided in patients experiencing nausea and abdominal pain?

All laxatives Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Levodopa?

Precursor to dopamine that can cross the blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are potential adverse effects associated with dopamine replacement therapy?

Confusion and involuntary movements Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-B Inhibitors)?

They increase levels of catecholamines in the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What severe reaction can occur from using MAO inhibitors with large amounts of tyramine?

Cardiac hypertension crisis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Bromocriptine is true?

It is an ergot-derived medication. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of dopamine receptor agonists?

Acute surgical abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Carbidopa have when administered with Levodopa?

It prevents the breakdown of Levodopa in the peripheral system. Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect can be associated with the use of direct acting dopamine receptor agonists?

Dyskinesias Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable interaction concern for over-the-counter medications when taken with Parkinson’s treatments?

Potential exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom typically suggests a caution when administering medications for Parkinson’s disease?

Symptoms indicating acute appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Practice in Canada and Drug Therapy

Assessment involves data collection and analysis of patient medical history, including drugs, home remedies, alcohol/tobacco/caffeine use, and any relevant family history.
Diagnoses are made in three steps: identify the human response to a health issue; identify factors contributing to the response; use evidence through observations and data.
Planning should include SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) and outcome criteria that describe specific patient goals.
Implementation involves carrying out the planned nursing actions.
Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the plan and outcomes based on actual results, monitoring and documenting.

Pharmacology Principles

A drug is any chemical substance that affects the human body's physiology. Pharmacology is the study of drugs.
Drugs have chemical, generic, and trade names.
Drugs are classified based on properties, structure, and therapeutic uses.
Pharmaceutics focuses on how different drug forms impact the body.
Pharmacokinetics describes how the body processes a drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion).

Routes of Administration

Buccal and rectal administration is topical, and can be administered through IV, IM, subcutaneous, and intrathecal routes.
Topical administration includes skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs(inhalation).
Administration can also be through rectum, vagina, transdermal, and inhalation.

Antidiarrheal Drugs

Acute diarrhea often resolves without sequelae, generally lasts from 3 days to 2 weeks.
Chronic diarrhea lasts longer than 3 to 4 weeks, with associated symptoms of fever, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting and weight loss.
Goals of Tx includes Stopping the frequency of stools, alleviating abdominal cramps, replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes and preventing weight loss from malabsorption.
Antidiarrheals can be categorized as absorbents or antimotility drugs.

Antibacterial and Antibiotic Drugs

Understanding and categorizing bacteria (Gram + and Gram -), their shapes, and their structural components is vital in antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotics function to prevent or kill bacteria by interfering with cellular processes of the bacteria and not the mammalian cells.
Multiple classes of antibiotics, each with varied mechanisms of action and susceptible bacterial types, exist.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the common adverse effects and contraindications associated with magnesium hydroxide and mineral oils as laxatives. This quiz covers mechanisms of action, evaluation criteria before administration, and cautions regarding use. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals.