Pharmacology 2251
41 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common adverse effect of Magnesium Hydroxide?

  • Rectal bleeding
  • Increased blood ammonia levels
  • Electrolyte imbalance (correct)
  • Severe abdominal pain

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of Milk of Magnesia?

  • Chronic constipation
  • Increased bowel movements
  • Mild rectal irritation
  • Low-galactose diet (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of Magnesium Hydroxide?

  • Blocks absorption of nutrients
  • Increases osmotic pressure and bowel distention (correct)
  • Stimulates nerve endings in the bowel
  • Decreases peristalsis in the intestines

Which of the following should be evaluated before administering Milk of Magnesia?

<p>History of bowel patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom suggests a caution when considering Magnesium Hydroxide as a treatment?

<p>Appendicitis symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of mineral oils as an emollient laxative?

<p>Lubricates the intestines to ease stool passage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of mineral oils?

<p>Hemorrhoids or other anorectal conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the severe adverse effects associated with the use of mineral oils?

<p>Lipid pneumonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should caution be taken when administering mineral oils?

<p>Patients showing symptoms of appendicitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of improper use of mineral oils as a weight loss aid?

<p>Electrolyte imbalances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of long-term use of laxatives?

<p>Decreased bowel tone and possible dependency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients be informed not to do if they are experiencing nausea?

<p>Use a laxative or cathartic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommendation for the administration of enteric-coated laxative tablets?

<p>Swallow the tablets whole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class promotes the absorption of water to increase stool bulk?

<p>Bulk forming laxatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect can result from the use of bulk forming laxatives?

<p>Gas formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary adjustment should be encouraged as an alternative to laxative use?

<p>High-fiber diet and increased fluid intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom warrants contacting a prescriber when using laxatives?

<p>Severe abdominal pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for emollient laxatives?

<p>Promote water and fat in the stools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for using magnesium citrate?

<p>Chronic constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions contraindicates the use of magnesium citrate?

<p>Intestinal obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic class does magnesium citrate belong to?

<p>Saline laxative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adverse effect associated with the use of magnesium citrate?

<p>Hypermagnesemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way magnesium citrate functions within the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Increases bowel distention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid?

<p>Absorbs water into the GI tract to increase bulk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect associated with the use of senna?

<p>Esophageal blockage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient condition is a contraindication for using bulk-forming laxatives like psyllium?

<p>Intestinal obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic class of docusate salts?

<p>Stool softener (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction can occur with the use of senna?

<p>Decreases absorption of digoxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe adverse effect of using psyllium?

<p>Fluid overload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding docusate is true?

<p>It softens the stool by pulling water and fat into the mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative should be avoided in patients experiencing nausea and abdominal pain?

<p>All laxatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Levodopa?

<p>Precursor to dopamine that can cross the blood-brain barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are potential adverse effects associated with dopamine replacement therapy?

<p>Confusion and involuntary movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-B Inhibitors)?

<p>They increase levels of catecholamines in the CNS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What severe reaction can occur from using MAO inhibitors with large amounts of tyramine?

<p>Cardiac hypertension crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Bromocriptine is true?

<p>It is an ergot-derived medication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of dopamine receptor agonists?

<p>Acute surgical abdomen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Carbidopa have when administered with Levodopa?

<p>It prevents the breakdown of Levodopa in the peripheral system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect can be associated with the use of direct acting dopamine receptor agonists?

<p>Dyskinesias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable interaction concern for over-the-counter medications when taken with Parkinson’s treatments?

<p>Potential exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom typically suggests a caution when administering medications for Parkinson’s disease?

<p>Symptoms indicating acute appendicitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

How do bulk-forming laxatives work?

Increase stool mass to stimulate bowel movement. They absorb water in the gut, leading to larger, softer stools which are easier to pass.

How do emollients work?

They soften stools and lubricate the intestinal walls, making it easier for stool to pass.

What are bulk-forming laxatives used for?

Commonly used to treat constipation. They work by increasing the bulk of stool, stimulating bowel movements.

What are the benefits of a high-fiber diet?

Helps prevent constipation by adding fiber and bulking up stool. They also help with the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the symptoms of possible fluid or electrolyte loss?

If you experience severe abdominal pain, muscle weakness, cramps, or dizziness, contact your doctor. These might be signs of fluid or electrolyte loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the risks of long-term laxative use?

Long-term use can lead to decreased bowel tone and dependency. This means your gut relies on the laxative to work.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why are some laxative tablets enteric coated?

Not all laxatives should be crushed or chewed, especially those with enteric coating. Check the instructions on the medicine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is it important to check fluid and electrolyte levels before using laxatives?

It's important to assess fluid and electrolytes before starting laxative therapy to ensure they are within a safe range.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mineral Oil MOA

Mineral oil lubricates the intestines, making it easier to pass stool.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mineral Oil Adverse Effects

Mineral oil can cause decreased absorption of vitamins, electrolyte imbalances and even lipid pneumonia in severe cases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mineral Oil Contraindications

Mineral oil should not be given to patients with allergic GI issues, acute surgical abdomen, appendicitis symptoms, fecal impaction/obstruction, or for weight loss/erectile dysfunction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mineral Oil Pre-Administration

Ask about bowel patterns, history of constipation, and allergies before administering mineral oil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mineral Oil Drug Class

Mineral oil is a type of emollient laxative.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bulk-forming laxative

A type of laxative that works by increasing the bulk of stool, which stimulates bowel movements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Emollient Laxative

A type of laxative that works by softening the stool, making it easier to pass.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stimulant Laxative

A drug used to treat constipation, often used to prepare patients for surgical procedures. It works by stimulating the muscles in the intestines to contract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Constipation

A condition where a person experiences difficulty passing stools, often due to infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Absorption

A drug's ability to be absorbed into the bloodstream and reach its target site.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Interaction

When a drug interacts with another substance, potentially altering its effectiveness or causing unwanted side effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastrointestinal (GI) irritation

A common side effect of medications, especially laxatives, that can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anticoagulant

A drug that inhibits blood clotting, used to prevent blood clots from forming.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Saline Laxative

A type of laxative that works by increasing the water content in the intestines, leading to increased bowel movements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Abdominal Bloating

A condition where the intestines are filled with excess gas, causing discomfort and bloating.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electrolyte Imbalance

A situation where the body's electrolyte balance is disrupted, potentially caused by excessive fluid loss or intake.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastrointestinal Distress (GI Distress)

A disturbance in the stomach and intestinal system, often characterized by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mechanism of Action (MOA)

The mechanism by which a drug produces its desired effect.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the mechanism of action of magnesium citrate?

Magnesium citrate is a saline laxative that works by increasing osmotic pressure in the intestines, leading to bowel distention, increased peristalsis, and evacuation. It's used for various purposes, including endoscopic examinations, removing unabsorbed poisons from the GI tract, treating chronic constipation, and assisting with certain surgical procedures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When is magnesium citrate contraindicated?

Magnesium citrate is contraindicated in patients with allergic gastrointestinal issues, kidney insufficiency, kidney disease, acute surgical abdomen, appendicitis symptoms, fecal impaction, rectal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and in cases where it is used for weight loss aid or erectile dysfunction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are potential adverse effects of magnesium citrate?

Possible adverse effects of magnesium citrate include mild effects like watery stool and more severe effects like electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and potential complications like kidney problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What should be assessed before administering magnesium citrate?

Prior to administering magnesium citrate, it is crucial to assess the patient's history, bowel patterns, and any allergies related to the gastrointestinal system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a common clinical use of magnesium citrate?

Magnesium citrate is often used prior to endoscopic examinations, as it helps prepare the gastrointestinal tract by clearing the bowel efficiently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Direct Acting Dopamine Receptor Agonists

A group of medications that act directly on dopamine receptors in the brain, helping to improve symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are nondopamine dopamine receptor agonists?

Drugs that increase the levels of dopamine in the brain by directly stimulating dopamine receptors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Levodopa

A precursor to dopamine that is used to treat Parkinson's disease. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and is converted to dopamine by the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbidopa

This medication prevents levodopa from being broken down in the body before it reaches the brain, allowing more of it to convert into dopamine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Therapy

A class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) in the brain, leading to increased levels of dopamine. They are often used alongside levodopa in Parkinson's disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cheese Effect

A serious side effect of MAOIs that can occur when someone consumes foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheese and wine. It can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure leading to a life-threatening event.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Allergic GI Reaction

A severe reaction to a medication that involves the gastrointestinal system, potentially causing diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, and even allergic reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Surgical Abdomen

Severe pain in the abdomen, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever. It can be a sign of various medical conditions, including appendicitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Appendicitis

A condition where the appendix, a small pouch attached to the colon, becomes inflamed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fecal Impaction/Obstruction

A blockage of the intestines caused by hardened stool, making it difficult for stool to pass normally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Nursing Practice in Canada and Drug Therapy

  • Assessment involves data collection and analysis of patient medical history, including drugs, home remedies, alcohol/tobacco/caffeine use, and any relevant family history.

  • Diagnoses are made in three steps: identify the human response to a health issue; identify factors contributing to the response; use evidence through observations and data.

  • Planning should include SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) and outcome criteria that describe specific patient goals.

  • Implementation involves carrying out the planned nursing actions.

  • Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the plan and outcomes based on actual results, monitoring and documenting.

Pharmacology Principles

  • A drug is any chemical substance that affects the human body's physiology. Pharmacology is the study of drugs.

  • Drugs have chemical, generic, and trade names.

  • Drugs are classified based on properties, structure, and therapeutic uses.

  • Pharmaceutics focuses on how different drug forms impact the body.

  • Pharmacokinetics describes how the body processes a drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion).

Routes of Administration

  • Buccal and rectal administration is topical, and can be administered through IV, IM, subcutaneous, and intrathecal routes.

  • Topical administration includes skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs(inhalation).

  • Administration can also be through rectum, vagina, transdermal, and inhalation.

Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • Acute diarrhea often resolves without sequelae, generally lasts from 3 days to 2 weeks.

  • Chronic diarrhea lasts longer than 3 to 4 weeks, with associated symptoms of fever, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting and weight loss.

  • Goals of Tx includes Stopping the frequency of stools, alleviating abdominal cramps, replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes and preventing weight loss from malabsorption.

  • Antidiarrheals can be categorized as absorbents or antimotility drugs.

Antibacterial and Antibiotic Drugs

  • Understanding and categorizing bacteria (Gram + and Gram -), their shapes, and their structural components is vital in antibiotic therapy.
  • Antibiotics function to prevent or kill bacteria by interfering with cellular processes of the bacteria and not the mammalian cells.
  • Multiple classes of antibiotics, each with varied mechanisms of action and susceptible bacterial types, exist.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Nursing Practice in Canada and Drug Therapy PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the common adverse effects and contraindications associated with magnesium hydroxide and mineral oils as laxatives. This quiz covers mechanisms of action, evaluation criteria before administration, and cautions regarding use. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals.

More Like This

Magnesium Hydroxide Overview and Uses
11 questions

Magnesium Hydroxide Overview and Uses

StatelyComposite avatar
StatelyComposite
Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Quiz
9 questions

Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Quiz

SolicitousPelican7010 avatar
SolicitousPelican7010
Magnesium Oxide Flashcards
8 questions

Magnesium Oxide Flashcards

TalentedFantasy1640 avatar
TalentedFantasy1640
Hydantoins and Magnesium Functions
23 questions

Hydantoins and Magnesium Functions

MesmerizingBongos avatar
MesmerizingBongos
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser