Magnesium Hydroxide Overview and Uses

Study Notes

Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Overview

Generic name: magnesium hydroxide
Trade names include Dulcolax Magnesia Tablets, Phillips Magnesia Tablets, and Phillips Milk of Magnesia (MOM).

Therapeutic and Pharmacologic Classifications

Therapeutic classification: mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements, laxatives.
Pharmacologic classification: salines.

Clinical Indications

Used for treatment or prevention of hypomagnesemia.
Acts as a laxative for bowel evacuant in preparation for surgical or radiographic procedures.
Functions as an antacid and laxative (Milk of Magnesia).

Mechanism of Action

Plays an essential role in neurotransmission and muscular excitability.
Osmotically active in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, drawing water to induce peristalsis.

Therapeutic Effects

Corrects magnesium deficiency states.
Aids in colon evacuation.
Attracts water into the intestine, functioning as a laxative.
Reduces gastric acidity, serving as an antacid.

Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Frequent GI effects: diarrhea, abdominal pain, altered fluid and electrolytes, nausea.
Dermatological reactions: flushing, sweating.

Contraindications

Not safe for individuals with hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, anuria, or heart block.
Usage during pregnancy can cause magnesium toxicity in newborns unless given within 2 hours of delivery; caution in preterm or active labor.
Caution in patients with renal insufficiency.

Nursing Implications

For laxative use: assess for abdominal distention, bowel sounds, and normal bowel function.
Monitor color, consistency, and amount of stool produced.
For antacid use: evaluate heartburn and indigestion, including character, duration, and triggers of gastric pain.

Patient Education

Avoid taking magnesium hydroxide within 2 hours of other medications, especially fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, and tetracyclines.
Patients should consult healthcare providers if problems persist beyond two weeks, or if symptoms of gastric bleeding occur.
Limit laxative use to short-term to prevent electrolyte imbalances and dependence.
Encourage dietary changes, increased fluid intake, and mobility to regulate bowel functions.
Advise immediate reporting of unrelieved constipation, rectal bleeding, or signs of electrolyte imbalance.

Description

Explore the therapeutic and pharmacologic aspects of magnesium hydroxide, commonly known as Milk of Magnesia. This quiz covers its clinical indications, mechanism of action, and therapeutic effects in treating conditions like hypomagnesemia and as a laxative. Gain a deeper understanding of this essential mineral supplement.