Questions and Answers
Which drugs are in the class of Fluoroquinolones? (Select all that apply)
Fluoroquinolone agents have coverage against which organisms? (Select all that apply)
What do newer Fluoroquinolone agents have some coverage against?
Gram positive activity
Which two drugs in the Fluoroquinolone class have anti-pseudomonal activity?
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These agents have extensive ___ resistance, no longer first line.
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Which drug in the Fluoroquinolone class has MRSA coverage for skin infections?
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What are the uses of Fluoroquinolones? (Select all that apply)
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Which agent in the Fluoroquinolone class is the drug of choice for post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax?
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Which agent in the Fluoroquinolone class is used for severe traveler's diarrhea?
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Which agent in the Fluoroquinolone class is an alternative choice for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections?
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What is the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones?
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Fluoroquinolones are very active against what types of organisms? (Select all that apply)
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Fluoroquinolones have no activity against which type of bacteria?
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Fluoroquinolones are reserved for what type of infections?
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Fluoroquinolones should be dose adjusted when CrCl is less than?
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Moxifloxacin should be dose adjusted in patients with ___ dysfunction?
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Ciprofloxacin is used for what kind of organisms specifically?
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Ciprofloxacin is effective in treating gonorrhea.
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Ciprofloxacin is effective against syphilis.
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Which agent is the most potent Fluoroquinolone against Pseudomonas?
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Ciprofloxacin is used to treat pneumonias associated with which condition?
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Ciprofloxacin is also used in the treatment of UTIs, and which other drug is indicated?
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Ciprofloxacin has activity against TB.
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Ciprofloxacin is commonly used for the treatment of what in developing countries?
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Moxifloxacin has good coverage of which type of organisms?
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Moxifloxacin has coverage against Pseudomonas.
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Why is Moxifloxacin known as the 'respiratory quinolone'?
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Moxifloxacin is used for the treatment of UTIs.
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Delafloxacin is primarily used in the treatment of what infections?
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Delafloxacin has broad spectrum activity against which organisms? (Select all that apply)
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Levofloxacin is used for what type of organisms unresponsive to B-lactams?
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Which agents in the Fluoroquinolone class are known as 'respiratory quinolones' because of their coverage against S.pneumoniae? (Select all that apply)
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What infections is Levofloxacin used in treating? (Select all that apply)
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What is the best coverage of the quinolones?
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Which two agents in the Fluoroquinolone class have a long half-life and have QD dosing?
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Study Notes
Fluoroquinolones Overview
- Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics including five main drugs: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, and Delafloxacin.
- Effective against gram-negative aerobes, atypicals, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Coverage and Activity
- Newer fluoroquinolones provide some gram-positive activity.
- Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin have anti-pseudomonal activity.
- Resistance towards gonococcal infections has increased, leading to decreased use as first-line treatment.
- Delafloxacin offers MRSA coverage specifically for skin infections.
Clinical Uses
- Commonly used for lower respiratory infections (LRI), upper respiratory infections (URI), tuberculosis protocols, osteomyelitis, otitis externa, and conjunctivitis.
- Ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice for post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax, with doxycycline as an alternative.
- Utilized for severe traveler's diarrhea and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs).
Mechanism of Action
- Fluoroquinolones work by inhibiting bacterial DNA through the inhibition of DNA gyrase, an enzyme crucial for unwinding DNA.
Specific Agent Information
- Ciprofloxacin has weak activity against S. pneumoniae and is particularly effective against Pseudomonas and enteropathic organisms like E. coli.
- Levofloxacin is effective against gram-positive infections unresponsive to beta-lactams, providing the best coverage for S. pneumoniae among quinolones.
- Moxifloxacin is often referred to as the "respiratory quinolone" due to its excellent S. pneumoniae coverage but has no activity against Pseudomonas and is not recommended for urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Delafloxacin has a broad spectrum, effectively targeting atypical, anaerobic, MRSA, Pseudomonas, and resistant gram-negative infections.
Resistance and Dosage
- Fluoroquinolones are reserved for serious infections, especially in patients with complicated medical histories.
- Dosage adjustments are required when creatinine clearance (CrCl) is less than 50 mL/min for all fluoroquinolones and for Moxifloxacin in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Resistance Patterns
- All fluoroquinolones lack activity against anaerobic organisms.
- Commonly used for treating typhoid fever in developing countries.
Dosing Considerations
- Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin have long half-lives allowing once-daily dosing.
- Fluoroquinolones exhibit decreased absorption when taken with certain antacids.
Summary of Uses
- Fluoroquinolones treat various conditions, including chronic bronchitis exacerbations, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and H. pylori infections associated with ulcers.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics with these flashcards. This quiz covers key drugs, their coverage against organisms, and other crucial aspects of these agents. Perfect for pharmacy students or healthcare professionals!
