Pharmacology: Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential side effect of fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin?

Tachycardia

Hyperglycemia

Hypertension

Bradycardia (correct)

How are aminoglycosides typically administered?

Subcutaneously

Orally

Intramuscularly

IV slowly and diluted, usually through a central line (correct)

Why is it important to monitor renal function and urine output when administering aminoglycosides like gentamicin?

To monitor for superinfection

To assess the risk of ototoxicity

To adjust the dose of the medication

To prevent nephrotoxicity (correct)

What is a potential drug interaction with fluoroquinolones?

Increased effect of oral hypoglycemics Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of fluoroquinolone therapy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor peak and trough levels when administering aminoglycosides?

To adjust the dose of the medication Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of fluoroquinolones?

Photosensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor for ototoxicity when administering aminoglycosides?

Because aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of Azithromycin?

Tinnitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Macrolides?

Inhibition of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of Azithromycin?

Allergy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction between Azithromycin and another medication?

Increased levels of digoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing intervention when administering Azithromycin?

Obtain a culture and sensitivity before therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of Azithromycin that affects the gastrointestinal system?

GI distress Signup and view all the answers

What is a laboratory value that should be monitored when administering Azithromycin?

Liver enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for ciprofloxacin?

Neuromuscular disease Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed ciprofloxacin. What laboratory test should the nurse monitor?

Kidney function tests Signup and view all the answers

What is a priority assessment when administering Azithromycin?

Vital signs and urinary output Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking ciprofloxacin. What should the nurse monitor for as an adverse effect?

Photosensitivity Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking a fluoroquinolone. What should the nurse teach the patient to do?

Avoid caffeine and increase fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking an antibiotic and develops diarrhea. What should the nurse suspect?

Pseudomembranous colitis Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse prioritize when teaching a patient taking azithromycin?

Teaching the patient to report loose stools or diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking a fluoroquinolone. What should the nurse assess?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking ciprofloxacin. What should the nurse monitor for as a sign of superinfection?

Loose stools Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aminoglycosides

Monitor renal function, urine output, and increase fluids
Monitor for ototoxicity
Give IV slowly and diluted, usually through a central line
Monitor peak and trough levels, and other labs
Monitor for superinfection
Evaluate the effectiveness of treatment

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin is used for severe infections
Side effects/adverse reactions:
- GI upset
- CNS issues (headache, dizziness, tremors, nightmares)
- Photosensitivity
- Bradycardia
- Blood dyscrasia (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
- Superinfection
- Hepatotoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Tendon rupture
Drug interactions:
- Increases effect of oral hypoglycemics and caffeine
Contraindications:
- Renal/hepatic disease
- Neuromuscular disease
- Children under 14
Assessment:
- VS and urine output
- Kidney/liver labs
- Drug and health history
Nursing interventions:
- Obtain C&S
- Infuse slow IV over 60-90 minutes
- Monitor I&O
- Increase fluid intake (>2000mL/d)
- Check for superinfection
- Monitor blood sugar for diabetics
Teaching:
- Increase fluids
- Avoid caffeine
- Use sunblock (photosensitivity)
- Report side effects and minimize them

Macrolides

Action: inhibits protein synthesis
Use: used when allergic to PCN/Cephalosporins, for stronger bacterial infections
Side effects/adverse reactions:
- Blurred vision
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- GI distress
- Photosensitivity
- Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis
- Ototoxicity (tinnitus)
- Superinfection
- Hepatotoxicity
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Contraindications/cautions:
- Allergy
- Heart issues (dysrhythmias)
- Hepatic/Renal dysfunction
Interactions:
- Increases levels of warfarin and digoxin
- Effects of oral birth control
Nursing Process:
- Assessment:
  - Vital signs
  - I&O; urinary output
  - Labs for liver/kidney function
  - Drug history
  - Medical history
- Nursing interventions:
  - Obtain C&S before therapy
  - Monitor vital signs and urine output
  - Monitor liver enzymes and for S/S of liver issues
  - Monitor for superinfection
  - Administer antacids 2 hours before or 2 hours after macrolides

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Description

This quiz covers the key aspects of aminoglycosides, including monitoring and administration, and briefly touches on fluoroquinolones. It's a great resource for students of pharmacology and healthcare professionals.